功能性动作筛查在田径运动员损伤中的运用

Application of Functional Movement Screen(FMS)in Assessing Injuries Among Track and Field Athletes

目的:结合问卷调查和功能性动作筛查(FMS)测试结果,探索FMS测试在田径运动员损伤中的应用规律。方法:募集田径运动员15名(男生8人,女生7人)。发放调查问卷,收集受试运动员的损伤信息。在完成热身后,受试运动员被要求完成FMS测试的七个动作以及相应的排除性测试,评估他们的动作模式并计分。结果:①田径运动员腰部、膝关节和踝关节损伤的人数较多,其中,女性运动员腰部损伤人数约是男性运动员两倍;男性运动员肩部存在损伤,而女性运动员中没有。②FMS测试总分13.93±2.76,受试运动员躯干核心稳定性(躯干稳定性俯撑、体旋稳定性测试得分)弱,髋关节伸展功能(直腿弓箭步得分)不良,与问卷调查结果相一致。③对男、女运动员分组进行组间t检验,观察到男、女运动员在直腿弓箭步左腿评分(p=0.008)、肩部灵活性测试左手评分(p=0.000)和右手评分(p=0.002)、主动直腿抬高左腿评分(p=0.000)、躯干稳定性俯撑总分(p=0.023)、体旋稳定性测试右侧评分(p=0.000)、FMS测试总分(p=0.006)中存在差异。结论:FMS测试结果与田径运动员损伤之间存在联系。结合FMS测试过程和结果,可以发现运动员异常运动模式,由此为教练员制定科学训练计划提供帮助和指导。

OBJECTIVE:This study explores the utility of the Functional Movement Screen(FMS)in evaluating injuries among track and field athletes by combining questionnaire surveys and FMS test results.Methods:Fifteen track and field athletes(8 males and 7 females)were recruited.Questionnaires were administered to collect injury data from the participants.Following warm-up,athletes were instructed to complete seven FMS movements along with their corresponding exclusionary tests to assess their movement patterns and scores.Results:(1)Track and field athletes exhibited a higher incidence of injuries in the lower back,knee joints,and ankle joints.Notably,female athletes had roughly double the number of lower back injuries compared to their male counterparts.Shoulder injuries were prevalent among male athletes but absent in female athletes.(2)The overall FMS score averaged 13.93±2.76,revealing weaknesses in trunk core stability(trunk stability push-up,rotary stability test scores)and subpar hip extension function(straight leg raise score),consistent with questionnaire survey findings.(3)Gender-based group comparisons highlighted disparities in left leg scores for the straight leg raise test(p=0.008),left-hand scores for the shoulder flexibility test(p=0.000),right-hand scores for the shoulder flexibility test(p=0.002),left leg scores for the active straight leg raise(p=0.000),total scores for trunk stability push-up(p=0.023),right-side scores for the rotary stability test(p=0.000),and total FMS scores(p=0.006).Conclusion:There exists a correlation between FMS test results and injuries among track and field athletes.The combination of the FMS testing process and results can help identify abnormal movement patterns in athletes,providing valuable assistance and guidance to coaches for designing scientifically sound training programs.