湖北省小麦赤霉病全生育期可持续综合防控关键技术研究与集成示范

Application of a sustainable and integrated management for controlling Fusarium head blight of wheat during the whole growing season in Hubei province

2018—2023年,在湖北省开展了抗(耐)性品种筛选、多粘芽孢杆菌拌种、植物诱抗剂(或植物生长调节剂)拌种+拔节—抽穗期喷雾,以及高效低风险农药筛选等多项小麦赤霉病全生育期综合防控关键技术研究,并于2021—2023年在小麦主产区松滋市、公安县、荆州区、钟祥市、枝江市、仙桃市、天门市、安陆市、襄州区、宜城市、随县等地进行了技术集成示范。结果表明:示范区取得明显的经济、社会和生态效益。示范区赤霉病平均防效为86.0%,比农民自防区(71.9%)提高14.1个百分点;示范区平均病粒率为0.1%,比农民自防区(0.3%)降低0.2个百分点,比对照区(1.2%)降低1.0个百分点;示范区平均产量为381.6 kg/667m^(2),比自防区(354.8 kg/667m^(2))增长7.5%,比赤霉病对照区增产11.8%;示范区比对照区新增收益53.0元/667m^(2),比农民自防区新增收益54.8元/667m^(2);示范区比农民自防区农药减量13.4%,天敌增加42.3%;示范区赤霉菌呕吐毒素均控制在国家标准1000μg/kg以下,质量合格率达100.0%。

We carried out the integration of a management program for managing Fusarium head blight(FHB)of wheat in Hubei province from 2018 to 2023 and applied it in the main wheat-growing region including Songzi City,Gong’an County,Jingzhou District,Zhongxiang City,Zhijiang City,Xiantao City,Tianmen City,Anlu City,Xiangzhou District,Yicheng City,and Suixian County during 2021 to 2023.The results showed that the demonstration area has achieved significant economic,social,and ecological benefits.In the demonstration zones,the average control effect of FHB was 86.0%,which was 14.1 percentage points higher than that in the farmers'self-control areas(71.9%).The average infected grain rate was 0.1%,which was 0.2 percentage points lower than that in the farmers’self-control areas(0.3%)and 1.0 percentage point lower than that in the untreated area(1.2%).The average wheat yield of the demonstration area was 381.6 kg/667m^(2),which was 7.5 percentage points higher than that in the farmers’experience-based control areas(354.8 kg/667m^(2))and 11.8 percentage points higher than that of the untreated area.The average increased economic benefits of the demonstration areas was 53.0 RMB/667m^(2),which was 54.8 RMB/667m^(2)higher than that of the farmers’experiencebased control areas.The use of pesticides in the demonstration area was 13.4%lower than that of the farmers’experience-based control areas,and the natural enemy insects increased by 42.3%.Mycotoxin detection revealed that emetic toxin content produced by FHB was controlled below 1000μg/kg,which was in accordance with the national standard,and the quality qualified rate was 100%.