不同月份南极磷虾营养品质的比较

Comparison of Nutrient Qualities of Antarctic Krill Harvested in Different Months

【目的】通过测定南极海域48.1区2021年3‒8月捕捞的南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)基本营养成分、氨基酸含量和色差等指标,研究不同月份南极磷虾营养品质,为南极磷虾捕捞和加工提供理论支持。【方法】以南极磷虾为原料,比较分析不同捕捞月份南极磷虾体内蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、水分含量、灰分含量、色差和氨基酸组成等变化情况。【结果】4月和5月捕获的南极磷虾中蛋白质和脂肪含量相对较高;3-5月捕获的南极磷虾L*值较高,a*值在4月最低,b*值整个捕捞周期内无明显变化;南极磷虾含有18种氨基酸,富含人类所需要的全部必需氨基酸(EAA),且符合联合国粮农组织及世界卫生组织对优质蛋白的定义,必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比率在4月和5月高达43.46%和43.36%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比率在4月和5月高达74.67%和74.46%。【结论】4月和5月期间,在南极海域48.1区进行南极磷虾大规模捕捞可获得较高品质的南极磷虾产品。

【Objective】In order to provide theoretical support for the fishing and processing of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba),the basic nutrients,amino acid content and color difference of krill caught from March to August in Area 48.1 of Antarctic sea were determined.【Methods】The changes of protein content,fat content,water content,ash content,color difference and amino acid composition of Antarctic krill in different fishing months were compared and analyzed.【Results】In April and May,the contents of protein and fat in captured krill were relatively high.From April to May,L*value was higher,a*value was the lowest in April,and b*had no obvious change during the whole fishing cycle.In addition,krill is rich in 18 kinds of free amino acids,rich in all essential amino acids(EAA)needed by human beings,and in accordance with the definition of high quality protein by FAO/WHO,the ratio of EAA to total amino acid in April and May were 43.46%and 43.36%,respectively,and ratio of EAA to non essential amino acid 74.67%and 74.46%,respectively.【Conclusion】We can carry out large-scale fishing in Area 48.1 in April and May,and obtain higher quality of Antarctic krill.