中药中多环芳烃残留量的检测及摄入危害的分析

Determination and analysis of ingestion hazards of residues of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons in traditional Chinese medicine

目的检测不同种类中药(款冬花、地龙、前胡、枇杷叶、枳实)中苯并[a]蒽、■、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘等4种多环芳烃(PAH4)的残留量,并分析其摄入危害。方法运用HPLC荧光法测定中药中PAH4的含量;采用暴露边界值(MOE)法分析其摄入危害。结果在欧盟干草药PAH4限量标准(EU 2015/1933号法规)下,51批中药整体超标率为49.0%。苯并[a]芘的最高含量为59.75μg·kg^(-1),是最大限量值(10μg·kg^(-1))的6.0倍。PAH4的最高含量为965.65μg·kg^(-1),是最大限量值(50μg·kg^(-1))的19.3倍。款冬花PAH4的MOE值外,其余均>10000。不同种类中药PAH4的平均值排序为花类>动物类>根类>叶类>果实类。结论尝试分析中药中PAH4的摄入危害,为中药中开展PAH4的风险评估打开新的思路。经款冬花摄入的PAH4存在健康风险,应给予关注,建议分品种逐步制定中药中PAH4的限量标准。

OBJECTIVE To determine the residues of benzo[a]anthracene,chrysene,benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)in different kinds of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)(including as coltsfoot flower,earthworm,peucedanum praeruptorum,loquat leaf and fructus aurantii),and perform analysis of ingestion hazards.To establish the limit standard of PAH4 and ensure the safe use of TCM,so as to provide the reference foundation.METHODS PAH4 in TCM was determined by HPLC-FLD.The analysis of hazards from ingestion of PAH4 was performed using the MOE.RESULTS Under the EU limit standard for PAH4(EU 2015/1933 regulation),the over all exceeding rate of 51 batches of TCM was 49.0%.The highest content of BaP was 59.75μg·kg^(-1),which was 6.0 times of the maximum limit value(10μg·kg^(-1)).The highest content of PAH4 was 965.65μg·kg^(-1),which was 19.3 times the maximum limit value(50μg·kg^(-1)).The MOE value of PAH4 of coltsfoot flower was less than 10000,and the other MOE values were more than 10000.The mean value of PAH4 in different kinds of TCM was ranked as flower>animal>root>leaf>fruit.CONCLUSION Our study attempted to analyze the harm of PAH4 ingestion in TCM,and provided a new idea for the risk assessment of PAH4 in TCM.There are health risks of PAH4 ingested through coltsfoot flowers which should be paid attention to.It is suggested that the limit standard of PAH4 in TCM should be established gradually by varieties.