骨盆骨折手术机器人研究的现状、挑战与展望

Current status, research challenge and prospects of pelvic fracture operation robot

近年来, 随着计算机技术和机器人技术的快速发展, 手术机器人在骨科领域的应用越来越广泛。与传统手术相比, 手术机器人借助先进的导航定位系统、高精度的机械臂和自动化的手术规划系统可以实现精度高、创伤小、风险低的骨科微创手术。骨盆骨折因特有的复杂解剖结构、危重的伤情和极高的手术风险使得手术机器人在其微创手术开展中展现出显著优势。然而, 与脊柱和关节手术机器人仅需导航定位功能不同, 骨折手术机器人需融合复位和定位两项功能。复位过程需解决如骨折端偶联关系、软组织牵拉安全、骨折端刚性把持等难题, 因此骨折手术机器人的研发过程充满挑战。本文探讨了手术机器人在骨盆骨折中的应用现状, 并展望其未来方向, 为推动骨科机器人的科研攻关和产业发展提供参考。

In recent years,with the rapid development of computer and robotic technology,surgical robots have been applied more widely in the field of orthopedics.Compared to traditional surgery,surgical robots utilize advanced navigation systems,high-precision mechanical arms,and automated surgical planning systems to achieve high precision,minimal invasiveness,and low risk in minimally invasive orthopaedic surgeries.The complex anatomy,critical injury severity,and high surgical risks associated with pelvic fractures make the application of surgical robots in minimally invasive pelvic fracture surgery particularly advantageous.However,unlike spine and joint surgical robots that only require navigation and positioning functions,fracture surgery involves two steps:reduction and fixation.The reduction process needs to solve the problems such as the coupling relationship between the fracture ends,the safety of soft tissue pulling,and the rigid control of the fragments,so the research and development process of fracture surgical robot is full of challenges.This article discusses the application status of surgical robot in pelvic fractures,and prospects its future direction,which would provide reference for promoting the scientific research and industrial development of orthopedic robot.