动物踩踏与“假工具”:木垒县细石器遗址采集石制品的埋藏学分析

Animal Trampling and the Pseudo-tools:Taphonomic Analysis of Surface Collection from the Microblade Sites in Mulei County

动物踩踏是遗址埋藏后过程的重要影响因素之一,会在岩石或动物骨骼的边缘形成多个小疤,制造“假工具”。以新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉回族自治州木垒县细石器遗址调查采集的石制品为基础,参考既往实验考古的研究成果,对比了塔克尔巴斯陶遗址与伊尔卡巴克、地窝堡、色皮口遗址在磨圆度、石制品组合、工具刃缘的技术和形态特征方面的差异,指出前者具有边缘磨圆程度更高、工具比例明显偏高、修理刃缘数量更多、修疤多层、刃角更陡等特征,可能受到了长期反复的动物踩踏活动影响。这一结果表明,对于干旱区地表采集石制品的研究需要更为谨慎,在对多种自然营力和人类活动进行综合考量及定量化分析之后再开展进一步的探讨。

As an important post-depositional factor,animal trampling causes scars on the edges of stones or bones,resulting in pseudo-tools resembling the artificial ones at sites or non-human-related localities.Using data from experiments on trampling as a reference,this paper studied the surface collection from the four microblade sites in Mulei County,Changji Prefecture,Xinjiang Region,i.e.,Take'erbasitao Site,Yi'erkabake Site,Diwopu Site and Sepikou Site.Statistical analysis showed that compared to other three sites,the lithics discovered at Take'erbasitao Site had a higher degree of erosion,larger percentage of tools,more retouched edges and more abrupt edge angles.These differences indicated that the lithics of Take'erbasitao Site may be the result of long-term animal trampling,which highlighted the importance of taphonomic analysis and more comprehensive and quantitative studies on the surface collection in the arid areas.