金代驿传之制的演变

Postal Delivery and Institutional Culture Construction in Jin Dynasty

金代驿传体系的构建始于天会二年(1124年)。最初置驿范围不广,驿距较长、驿馆设施参差不齐。随着金朝疆土拓展与统治的稳定,驿路辐射范围逐渐扩大,由女真故地至原辽地,再延展至原北宋地。交通环境与设施有所改善,交通工具种类和数量日益增多,接待管理水平有明显提升,转送文字法的制定和急递铺的增设,更是制度规范的反映。金代驿传在制度层面上有借鉴也有发展,为其社会文明发展提供了重要支撑,同时,驿路交通更增进了多民族交往与文化交融,而其交通中心的一度北移,也加强了中原与东北的联系,在驿路布局上呈现出一些新的内涵,具有一定的开拓意义。

The construction of the postal delivery system of Jin Dynasty began in the second year of Tianhui.At first,the scope of the post service was not wide,but the distance between post stations was long,and the level of the post facilities were uneven.With the expansion of the territory of Jin Dynasty and the stability of its power,the post delivery service gradually ex-panded,from the former land of Jurchen to the original territory of Liao Dynasty,and later to the original territory of Song Dy-nasty.Gradually,the traffic environment and facilities were improved,the types and the quantities of the traffic facilities were increased and the level of organizing logistics were significantly improved as well.Formulation of the document transfer law and establishment of the express service stations were the signs of the normalized system itself.The postal delivery system of Jin Dy-nasty both learnt from the previous experiences,and developed its own practice,which provided important support for its social civilization development.Meanwhile,communication through the postal delivery system enhanced multi-ethnic exchanges and also strengthened the connection between the Central Plains and the northeast with the communication center further moving northward.The new connotation presented by the post road layout indicated a certain pioneering significance.