大豆玉米带状复合种植分带式喷杆喷雾机设计与试验

Design and test of boom sprayer for strip compound planting mode of soybean and maize

【目的】解决大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下植保作业机械化配套问题,降低人工劳动成本,提高植保作业效率,减少雾滴带间漂移造成的药害问题。【方法】结合黄淮海地区大豆玉米带状复合种植农艺要求,设计了大豆玉米带状复合种植分带式喷杆喷雾机,并通过理论计算、虚拟仿真等确定了四轮驱动高地隙底盘、轮距调节装置、双喷雾系统、水平折叠式升降喷杆装置和防漂移装置的主要结构参数。【结果】经样机试制及田间试验,该装备作业通过率平均值为(99.38±0.14)%,大豆带喷头喷雾量平均值为(1.196±0.055)L·min^(-1),变异系数为4.6%;玉米带喷头喷雾量平均值为(1.213±0.043)L·min^(-1),变异系数为3.5%。大豆玉米带状复合种植分带式喷杆喷雾机的行驶速度建议为3~5 km·h^(-1),且该参数范围内玉米带间和大豆带间的雾滴漂移沉积密度随行驶速度的增加而逐渐增多,最高值分别达到(2.11±0.62)和(2.68±0.55)个·cm-2。【结论】大豆玉米带状复合种植分带式喷杆喷雾机能满足大豆和玉米高低位带状分布的植保作业需求,并为农作物复合种植模式植保机械的研发提供设计经验和技术参考。

【Objective】This study was conducted to solve the problem of mechanized matching for plant protection in strip compound planting mode of soybean and maize,in order to reduce the labor cost,improve the efficiency of plant protection,and reduce the medicinal harm caused by the interband drift of droplets.【Method】According to the agronomic requirements of strip compound planting mode of soybean and maize in Huang-huai-hai Region,the boom sprayer for strip compound planting mode of soybean and maize was designed.And the main structural parameters of four wheel drive with high gap chassis,wheel base adjustment device,double spray system,horizontal folding type lifting spray boom and anti-drift device were determined through theoretical calculation and virtual simulation.【Result】The experimental results of field tests showed that the average passing rate of the equipment was(99.38±0.14)%,the average spray volume of the nozzle for soybeans was(1.196±0.055)L·min^(-1),and the coefficient of variation was 4.6%.And the average spray volume of the nozzle for maize was(1.213±0.043)L·min^(-1),and the coefficient of variation was 3.5%.The recommended driving speed of the boom sprayer for strip compound planting mode of soybean and maize was 3 km·h^(-1)to 5 km·h^(-1).Within this parameter range,the drift deposition density of fog drops from corn and soybean belts gradually increases with the increase of driving speed,and the highest values per square centimeter were(2.11±0.62)and(2.68±0.55),respectively.【Conclusion】The boom sprayer designed for strip compound planting mode of soybean and maize could meet the plant protection operation requirements of soybean and corn with high and low distribution,and could provide design experience and technical reference for the research and development of plant protection machinery for crop compound planting mode.