皖南丘陵山区油菜生产机械化现状与建议

Current Situation and Suggestions on Mechanization of Rapeseed Production in the Hilly and Mountainous Areas of Southern Anhui Province

油菜是我国重要的油料作物之一,食用植物油的最主要来源。安徽省是全国油菜主产地之一,有沿江和江淮两大集中优势产区,2023年全省油菜种植面积46.97万hm^(2)。种植模式和生产特点导致油菜机械化生产难度大,尤其是种植和收获2个环节机械化率较低。皖南丘陵山区由于地理条件、种植模式、机械装备、生产规模、经营模式等制约因素,影响了油菜生产机械化发展。需要从多方面着手,提高油菜生产机械化水平,从而提升作业效率,降低生产成本,增加农户收益。

Rapeseed is one of the important oil crops in China and the main source of edible vegetable oil.Anhui Province is one of the main producing areas of rapeseed in China,with two concentrated and advantageous production areas along the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River.In 2023,the rapeseed planting area of Anhui Province was 469700 hm^(2).The planting mode and production characteristics make it difficult to mechanized rapeseed production,especially with low mechanization rates in the planting and harvesting processes.Due to geographical conditions,planting patterns,mechanical equipment,production scale and business models,the development of rapeseed production mechanization had been affected in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern Anhui.We needed to start from multiple aspects to improve the mechanization level of rapeseed production,in order to improve operational efficiency,reduce production costs,and increase farmers’income.