播种量和行距对穴旱直播水稻产量形成的影响

Effects of Sowing Amount and Row Spacing on Yield Formation of Direct Hole-sowing Rice

[目的]为伊犁稻区(穴)旱直播播种技术的优化提供理论依据。[方法]以新稻46号为供试材料,采用2因素裂区试验设计,设置4个播种量水平处理和2个行距水平,研究不同密度组合对水稻生殖生长及营养生长的影响。[结果]播量与行距2因素中,单个因素比多个因素互作对水稻生长影响更大,各因素影响由大到小顺序为播种量、行距、播种量×行距;在同一播量下,行距处理各指标呈25 cm处理大于20 cm处理的趋势;同一行距下,不同播量处理各指标由高到低依次为180 kg/hm^(2)处理、210 kg/hm^(2)处理、240 kg/hm^(2)处理、270 kg/hm^(2)处理。180 kg/hm^(2)+12 cm×25 cm处理组合的产量、每穗粒数、有效穗数、千粒重和成熟期的结实率均较高,与其他处理间差异达显著水平,其产量高达到14 906.70 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]种植密度越高导致水稻贪青徒长,影响灌浆结实以及籽粒形状。低播量宽行处理能够改善植物群体的微环境,提高水稻各指标长势,改善籽粒形状。

[Objective]To provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of dry(hole)sowing techniques in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Rice region.[Method]With Xindao 46 as test material,two-factor split plot experiment design was adopted,in order to study the effects of different density combinations on the reproductive and nutritional growth of rice,with four levels for seeding rate treatment and two levels for row spacing treatment.[Result]Among the two factors of sowing amount and row spacing,single factor had a greater effect on rice growth than the interaction of multiple factors.The order of effects of each factor was sowing amount>row spacing>sowing amount×row spacing.Under the same sowing amount,the index of row spacing showed the trend of 25 cm treatment>20 cm treatment.Under the same row spacing,the index of sowing amount showed the trend of 180 kg/hm^(2) treatment>210 kg/hm^(2) treatment>240 kg/hm^(2) treatment>270 kg/hm^(2) treatment.The combination of 180 kg/hm^(2)+12 cm×25 cm had higher yield,grain number per panicle,effective ears,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate at maturity stage,which had significant differences with other treatments,and its yield reached 14906.70 kg/hm^(2).[Conclusion]High planting density led to greedy growth of plant,which affected the grain filling and shape of rice.Low seeding rate and wide row treatment could improve the micro-environment of plant population,increase the growth of rice and improve the shape of rice grain.