播种方式对陕西小麦群体构建和产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Methods on Population Construction and Yield of Wheat in Shaanxi Province

[目的]探明提升陕西小麦播种质量的播种技术及其增产效果,为集成陕西小麦绿色高质高效栽培技术提供参考依据。[方法]设置12 cm带状苗带+23 cm空带(BS12+E23)、12 cm双行线状苗带+20 cm空带(DLS12+E20)、10 cm带状苗带+20 cm空带(BS10+E20)、15 cm双行线状苗带+23 cm空带(DLS15+E23)共4种宽幅沟播处理与传统普通条播(DS3)处理进行小麦群体动态和产量的对比。[结果]与DS3处理相比,宽幅沟播处理无效分蘖明显减少,群体大穗显著增加。在旱地、水浇地上,4种宽幅沟播处理大穗率较高,分别增加了24和21百分点,DLS12+E20处理下大穗率最高;产量平均增加714.42、617.10 kg/hm^(2),DLS12+E20和DLS15+E23处理产量较高。[结论]4种宽幅沟播处理较DS3处理更有利于促进群体适宜,个体健壮,缓解群体与个体的生长矛盾。综合考量旱地以DLS12+E20宽幅沟播处理表现最佳,水浇地以DLS15+E23宽幅沟播处理表现最佳。

[Objective]Exploring the sowing technology and its yield-increasing effect of wheat sowing quality improvement,and providing a reference for integrating the green,high-quality and high-efficiency wheat cultivation technology in Shaanxi.[Method]Four different wide furrow sowing treatments 12 cm belt-shaped seedling belt+23 cm empty belt(BS12+E23),12 cm double-row linear seedling belt+20 cm empty belt(DLS12+E20),10 cm belt-shaped seedling belt+20 cm empty belt(BS10+E20),15 cm double-row linear seedling belt+23 cm empty belt(DLS15+E23)were set up to compare the wheat population dynamics and yields with drilling sowing(DS3).[Result]Compared with DS3,the wide furrow sowing could reduce ineffective tillers,increase the number of large panicle more effectively.The large-panicle rates of four treatments in dry and irrigable land increased by 24 and 21 percentage points respectively,and the large panicle percent under DLS12+E20 was the highest.The average yield of dry and irrigable land increased by 714.42 and 617.10 kg/hm^(2) respectively,and the yields under DLS12+E20 and DLS15+E23 were higher.[Conclusion]Compared with DS3,the four types of wide furrow sowing methods are more conducive to promoting group suitability,individual robustness,and alleviating the contradiction of growth between group and individual.Comprehensively,DLS12+E20 was considered more suitable wide furrow sowing method in dryland,and the DLS15+E23 treatment was considered more suitable wide furrow sowing method in irrigable land.