我国近代乡村平民教育的发轫与早期运作

The Beginning and Early Operation of Rural Civilian Education in Modern China

第一次世界大战期间,华工在为英法美等协约国军队服务的过程中,置身于完全陌生的环境,深受西方文化霸权主义欺凌之苦。在中西方接受过良好教育的晏阳初等人以志愿者身份向他们普及生活知识,传播新闻信息和国内外文化,使华工们从认知到情感都发生了一定程度的变化,并逐渐产生了家国认同,进而影响到其社会行为。第一次世界大战以后,以晏阳初为代表的乡村建设派在中国乡村开始了旨在开发“脑矿”的乡村平民教育,他们以建设乡村为己任,为乡村平民提供受教育的机会,全面提高乡村平民素质,掀起了一场乡村教育启蒙运动。虽然这场运动因为抗战的全面爆发而中断,但它取得的阶段性成果对于新时代的乡村振兴具有一定的启发意义。

During the World War I,Chinese laborers were in a completely unfamiliar environment in the process of serving the Allied armies such as Britain,France and the United States,and was suffered from the bullying of Western cultural hegemony.Yan Yang-chu and others,who have received good education in both China and the West,popularized life knowledge to them as volunteers,popularized news information and domestic and foreign culture,so that Chinese workers could undergone certain changes in cognition and emotion,gradually emerged a national identity.Thus,social behaviour of Chinese laborers was affected.After the World War I,the rural construction school,represented by Yan Yang-chu,started rural civilian education aimed at developing‘brain mines’in rural China.They took the construction of the countryside as their own responsibility,provided rural civilians with the opportunity to receive education,comprehensively improved the quality of rural civilians,and set off a rural education enlightenment movement.Although this movement was interrupted because of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the phased results it achieved had certain enlightening significance for the rural revitalization in the new era.