无地农民“赋权”机制内在权利层次选择意愿影响因素研究

On the Factors Affecting the Willingness to Choose the Inherent Level of Rights of Landless Farmers’“Empowerment”Mechanism

随着地权固化局面的逐步形成,在第二轮土地承包即将到期之际,如何保障无地农民的权益就成为事关农户可持续生计的维系、集体土地所有制优势的体现、社会和谐与稳定的维护的一项大事,然而,集体经济组织掌握的依法可用于再分配的土地资源数量有限,土地大调整被禁止,土地小调整受到严格的条件限制,故而,根据不同集体经济组织“三资”的实际情况,在条件适宜的集体经济组织采取“以权代地”的“赋权”方式保障无地农民权益就成为一种新的选择。本文首先分析了“赋权”机制内在权利构成包括:粮食分配权、集体收益分配权、集体资产折股量化股权、集体公益性岗位优先就业权、创业扶持权与养老保险权。其次,基于马斯洛需求层次理论,将“赋权”机制内在权利分为三个层次:低层次——生存型权利层次;中层次——发展型权利层次;高层次——自我实现型权利层次。再次,构建无地农民“赋权”机制内在权利层次选择意愿因素指标体系。基于四川、重庆、湖北的834份外业调查问卷,选择有序Logistic回归模型对受访者关于无地农民“赋权”机制内在权利层次选择意愿的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究发现:文化程度、职业、村庄有无债务负担对农民关于无地农民“赋权”机制权利层次选择意愿呈现正相关影响,而是否村组干部、家庭成员的社会保障程度、村庄离市中心距离对农民关于无地农民“赋权”机制权利层次选择意愿呈现负相关影响。最后,在总结全文的基础上,提出了未来的研究展望。

With the gradual solidification of land rights,when the second round of land contracting is about to expire,how to protect the rights and interests of landless farmers has become a major event that relates to the maintenance of farmers’sustainable livelihoods,the embodiment of the advantages of collective land ownership,and the maintenance of social harmony and stability.However,the amount of land resources that can be redistribution in accordance with the law controlled by collective economic organizations is limited,the large adjustment of land is prohibited,and the small adjustment of land is limited by strict conditions.Therefore,according to the actual situation of the“three assets”of different collective economic organizations,it has become a new choice to adopt the“empowerment”method of“replacing land with rights”in collective economic organizations with appropriate conditions to protect the landless farmers.Firstly,this paper analyzed the inherent rights of the“empowerment”mechanism,including the right to food distribution,the right to collective income distribution,the quantitative equity of collective assets converted into shares,the priority employment right for collective public welfare positions,the right to entrepreneurship support,and the right to pension insurance.Secondly,based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,the inherent rights of the“empowerment”mechanism were divided into three levels:low level,survival level;middle level,developmental right level;high level,selfrealization rights level.Thirdly,this paper constructed an indicator system for the willingness of landless farmers to choose their inherent rights levels through the“empowerment”mechanism.Based on 834 field survey questionnaires from Sichuan,Chongqing,and Hubei,an ordered logistic regression model was selected to empirically analyze the influencing factors of the respondents’willingness to choose the internal rights level of the“empowerment”mechanism for landless farmers.The study has found that education level,occupation,and whether the village had debt burden have a positive correlation with farmers’willingness to choose the level of“empowerment”mechanism rights for landless farmers;however,the identity of village cadres,the social security level of family members and the distance from the village to the city center had a negative correlation with farmers’willingness to choose the level of“empowerment”mechanism rights for landless farmers.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the full text,the future research prospects were put forward.