海南昌江核电站温排水海域浮游植物群落特征

Characterization of Phytoplankton Community in the Warm Drainage Area of Changjiang Nuclear Power Stations,Hainan

为探究海南昌江核电站周边海域浮游植物群落特征,于2022年4个季度在海南昌江核电站周边海域布设14个调查站位,对采集的浮游植物样品进行分类鉴定,并对其群落结构、种类组成、优势种类、生态指数等进行分析统计。结果表明:(1)调查海域全年度共监测到浮游植物4门37属118种(含变形和变种),种类组成以硅藻门占绝对优势,随后依次是甲藻门、蓝藻门和金藻门;(2)浮游植物生态类型以广温广布种和暖温暖水种为主,种类组成没有明显的季节性变化;(3)春季细胞丰度明显高于其余三季,达到31.26×10^(6) cells·m^(-3);(4)各季节浮游植物优势种类均为硅藻,主要包括角毛藻属、辐杆藻属、根管藻属和海莲藻属等属种,其中劳氏角毛藻和拟旋链角毛藻为全年度优势种类;(5)浮游植物的多样性指数(H′)范围为2.68~4.76,物种丰富度指数(D)范围为0.89~2.18,物种均匀度指数(J)范围为0.53~0.94,表明浮游植物生态群落种类丰富,群落结构复杂稳定。

In order to investigate the characteristics of phytoplankton community in the sea area around Changjiang Nuclear Power Station,Hainan,14 survey stations were deployed in the sea area around Changjiang Nuclear Power Station for the four seasons of 2022.The collected phytoplankton samples were classified,their taxonomic identification was carried out,and the community structure,species composition,dominant species and ecological index of the phytoplankton ecological community were statistically analyzed.The results showed that:(1)A total of 118 phytoplankton species(including metamor-phoses and variants)in 37 genera of 4 phyla were monitored in the surveyed waters throughout the year,with diatoms dominating the species composition,followed by Aphanizomene,Cyanobacteria and Chrysophyta.(2)The phytoplankton ecotype is dominated by a wide range of warm-tempered species and warm-water species,with no significant seasonal variation in species composition.(3)Cell abundance in spring,reaching 31.26×10^(6) cells·m^(-3),was significantly higher than that in the other three seasons.(4)The dominant phytoplankton species in all seasons were diatoms,mainly including species of the genera Hornwort,Sphaerophora,Rhizophora and Helianthus,with Hornwort Lloyd and Hornwort Spinosa being the dominant species throughout the year.(5)The diversity index(H′)of phytoplankton ranged from 2.68 to 4.76,the species richness index(D)from 0.89 to 2.18,and the species evenness index(J)from 0.53 to 0.94,indicating that the phytoplankton ecological community was rich in species and had a complex and stable community structure.