技术霸权主义视域下的国际技术转让法律制度与中国应对

Legal System of International Technology Transfer in Perspective of Technology Hegemonism and China's Countermeasures

在信息社会中,技术已成为一国或地区国际竞争力的决定性因素。经济全球化和经济平衡发展要求在公平基础上进行国际技术转让,但由于技术霸权主义的存在以及目前无国际技术转让的统一实体法,国际技术转让主要由国内法和有关国际条约或协议中相关的零散规定来调整,其制度虽有所发展,但更多体现了发达国家意志,发展中国家处于不利地位。跨国公司在不转让核心技术前提下,通过研发、采购和管理策略等方法,实现其赚取超额利润的目的。针对目前国际技术转让法律制度存在的主要问题,中国应完善国内法,加强国内产、学、研联动,通过合理的国内技术转让法律制度提高技术使用率,推动经济发展,提升创新能力;国际层面,善于借助“一带一路”平台及区域或双边自由贸易协定,积极参与并推动国际技术转让规则的制定,力促统一实体的多边国际技术转让协议的形成与实施。

In the information society,technology has become a decisive factor in a country or region's international competitiveness.Economic globalization and balanced economic development require international technology transfer(ITT)completed on fair terms and conditions.However,due to the existence of technological hegemony and the lack of a unified substantive law on ITT,ITT is mainly adjusted by domestic laws and scattered provisions in relevant international treaties or agreements.Although the legal system on ITT has developed,it more reflects the will of developed countries and puts developing countries at a disadvantage.Transnational corporations in developed countries achieve their goals of earning excess profits through research and development,procurement,and management strategies without transferring core technologies to developing countries.As a big responsible developing country,guided by the principles and spirit of the three“global initiatives”,it is incumbent on China to assist developing and least developed countries through technology transfer.Therefore,we should improve domestic laws,strengthen the linkage between domestic government,industry,academia,and research,improve the utilization rate of technology through a reasonable domestic legal system for technology transfer,promote economic development,and enhance innovation capabilities.At the international level,it is better for us to take advantage of the“the Belt and Road”platform and regional or bilateral free trade agreements to actively participate in and promote the formulation of ITT rules,and promote the formation and implementation of multilateral international technology transfer agreements with a unified entity.