关系变化与规范反馈——以中美对东南亚无核武器区建设的态度变迁为例

Changes in Relations and Norm Feedback:A Case Study of Attitude Shifts Between China and the US Towards the Establishment of Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone

关系理论假定关系在规范对象国的规范反馈中具有本体优先的地位。为更好地理解规范倡导者与规范对象国的关系变迁如何影响后者对于规范的态度,作者从关系的情感联结程度和地缘政治价值两个维度考察关系的变化,并在此基础上分析关系性逻辑在规范对象国的规范反馈中发挥作用的机制。当规范倡导者与规范对象国之间关系的情感联结程度和地缘政治价值均不显著时,后者对规范的态度取决于其理性权衡,包括外部规范与其既有实践之间的匹配程度及其适当性。当关系的情感联结程度上升后,规范对象国会出于对倡导者的信任而放下之前的顾虑,或为了维持与倡导者的亲密关系而在有关规范内容的谈判中表现得更为开放。关系的地缘政治价值的升级则推动规范对象国为赢得(或避免竞争对手赢得)倡导者关系圈中相对优势的地位而对规范采取更加积极的举措。在规范社会化过程中,规范倡导者通过社会化目标的设定和对关系的经营来发挥自身能动性。自《东南亚无核武器区条约》签署以来,中美两国对东盟无核化规范的态度一直在不断调整,关系性逻辑很好地解释了这一态度变迁以及东盟在其中发挥的能动作用。

The relational theory assumes that relations hold ontological priority in relators' norm feedback.How does the changing relationship between a norm entrepreneur and a norm target affect the latter's attitudes toward the norm? This article examines the changes in relationships from two dimensions:the degree of emotional connection in the relationship and the geopolitical value,and analyzes the mechanism by which the logic of relationality plays a role in the normative feedback of the target country.As it finds,when there is no significant emotional connection and geopolitical value in the relationship between the norm entrepreneur and the norm target,the latter's attitude towards the norm depends on rational considerations,including the degree of compatibility and appropriateness between external norms and its existing practices.When the degree of emotional connection in the relationship increases,the norm target may become more open in negotiations regarding normative content,either by trusting the entrepreneur and letting go of previous concerns or by maintaining a close relationship with them.The upgrade in the geopolitical value of the relationship drives the target country to take more proactive measures towards the norm in order to gain a relative advantage in the entrepreneur's relational circle or to prevent its competitor from gaining such an advantage.In the process of norm socialization,the norm entrepreneur may exert its agency by setting socialization goals and managing relationships.Since the signing of Treaty of the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon Free Zone,the attitudes of China and the US toward the non-proliferation norm of the ASEAN have been continuously adjusted,and the logic of relationality explains well the dynamics of this transformation and the active role played by ASEAN in it.