我国医院床位资源配置状况与利用效率研究

Research on the allocation status and utilization efficiency of hospital bed resources in China

目的:分析医院床位资源的配置状况并评价其利用效率,为医院床位资源的科学合理配置与管理提供参考依据。方法:选用描述性统计分析、结构变动度分析评价医院床位资源的配置状况,利用Joinpoint回归估算年度变化百分比和平均年度变化百分比分析医院床位资源配置的变化趋势;采用床位效率指数、床位利用模型评价医院床位资源的利用效率。结果:2010-2020年,各类医院床位数均呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),其中综合医院与专科医院位居床位总数与增长量的前两位,护理院床位数增长速度居首位;床位资源配置的结构变动度呈逐年上升趋势且各类别医院床位资源结构变动贡献率变化较大。床位利用效率方面,医院总体床位为低效率运行,其中综合医院接近等效率运行,护理院床位效率指数仅维持在0.10上下。床位利用模型方面,医院总体床位利用模型由压床型向效率型转变。其中,综合医院始终为床位利用效率型医院;中西医结合医院、民族医院与护理院始终为床位闲置型医院。结论:医院床位资源配置总量增长较快,而医院整体床位利用效率偏低且不同类别医院床位的利用效率存在差异,应通过完善医院的配套资源与提升床位资源的精细化管理水平来提高其利用效率,推动医院高质量发展。

Objective:To analyze the allocation of hospital bed resources and evaluate their utilization efficiency,and to provide a reference for the scientific and rational allocation and management of hospital bed resources.Methods:Descriptive statistical analysis and structural change degree analysis were selected to evaluate the allocation status of hospital bed resources,and the trend of hospital bed resource allocation was analyzed by using Joinpoint regression to estimate the annual percentage of change and the average annual percentage of change;the bed efficiency index and bed utilization model were used to evaluate the efficiency of hospital bed resources.Results:From 2010 to 2020,the number of beds in various hospitals in China increased significantly(P<0.05),in which general hospitals and specialized hospitals were the top two beds and the growth rate;the structure of bed resource allocation was increasing year by year and the contribution rate of bed resources changes greatly.In terms of the utilization efficiency of beds,the total beds in hospitals in China operate with low efficiency,among which the general hospitals are close to equal efficiency,and the efficiency index of nursing home beds is only maintained at around 0.10.In terms of the bed utilization model,the overall hospital bed utilization model changed from bed to efficiency.Among them,general hospitals are always bed utilization efficient hospitals;integrated Chinese and Western medicine hospitals,ethnic hospitals,and nursing homes are always beds idle hospitals.Conclusion:The total allocation of hospital bed resources in China increases rapidly,while the overall utilization efficiency of hospital beds is low and the utilization efficiency of hospital beds of different types is different.The utilization efficiency should be improved by improving the supporting resources of hospitals and the improvement of the fine management level of bed resources and promoting the high-quality development of hospitals.