甲氨蝶呤在眼科的应用及安全性

Application and safety of methotrexate in ophthalmology

甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate,MTX)是一种叶酸类似物,具有抗增殖、抗炎和免疫调节作用。在临床上广泛用于治疗多种疾病,包括恶性肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病。MTX通过眼局部注射或者全身给药用于眼科疾病的治疗,其安全性和有效性均已被证实。其中玻璃体腔注射可以减少糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂的全身使用,在眼科的应用越来越广泛。MTX在备孕期男性及女性、妊娠期妇女、哺乳期妇女、儿童、青少年及老年人等特殊患者人群中的应用有其特殊性,用药情况因患者而异。低剂量MTX常见不良反应包括胃肠道症状、肝功能异常等,比较少出现严重的不良反应,但仍应做好药学监护。该篇综述总结MTX的临床使用方法及其不良反应,为其在眼科的临床应用提供参考。

Methotrexate(MTX)is a folate analog with anti-proliferative,anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.It is widely used in clinical practice to treat various diseases,including malignant tumors and autoimmune diseases.MTX is used for treating eye diseases by local injection or whole-body administration.Its safety and efficacy have been confirmed.The intravitreal injection can reduce the whole-body use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressiveagents,so it is applied in ophthalmology increasingly.The specificity of MTX has been found in its application in special patients,such as men and women in pregnancy preparation period,pregnant women,lactating women,children,adolescents and the elderly.The dosage varies from patient to patient.Common adverse reactions to low-dose MTX include gastrointestinal symptoms,liver dysfunction,etc.Serious adverse reactions are relatively rare,but pharmaceutical monitoring is still necessarily needed.This review summaries the usage and adverse reactions of MTX in clinical practice,to provide reference for its application in clinical practice in ophthalmology.