民国时期洪泽湖流域水旱灾害剖析

Analysis of Flood and Drought Disasters in Hongze Lake Basin During the Republic of China

1912—1937年间,由于气候地形、社会历史和水利失修等因素的影响,洪泽湖周边县区共发生自然灾害91起,灾害种类上呈现出水灾最多、蝗灾次之、旱雹灾害交替发生的状况,在地域分布上,湖东发生次数高于湖西,时间分布上呈现连续性。频发的自然灾害导致农作物减产、人畜伤亡和基层民众负担加重,官方与民间采取了提前预防、官赈为主,民间义赈和居民自行善后为辅的应对措施。

From 1912 to 1937,a total of 91 natural disasters occurred in the counties around Hongze Lake due to the influence of climatic and topographical factors,social and historical factors and water conservancy disrepair,etc.In terms of disaster types,flood was the most frequent,locust was the second,and drought and hail occurred successively.In terms of geographical distribution,the frequency of natural disasters occurred in the east of Lake was higher than that in the west of Lake,and the time distribution showed continuity.Frequent natural disasters lead to crop reduction,human and livestock casualties,and increase the burden of the grassroots people.The government and the people have taken measures to prevent in advance,mainly official relief,non-governmental relief and residents own recovery.