新高考改革是否有助于学生专业选择权的实现——基于“国家大学生学情调查研究数据库”的数据分析

Does the New College Entrance Examination Reform Make Students' Major Choices Match Better:Based on the Data of NCSS

专业选择权对于多样化人才培养具有重要意义,为此,新高考改革进行了一系列增加学生专业选择权的制度安排,而新高考改革是否真正有助于学生专业选择权的实现值得深入研究。借助“国家大学生学情调查研究数据库”中两批新高考改革省份大一学生的数据,使用双重差分法探究新高考改革是否促进了学生专业选择权的实现。结果表明:新高考改革有效促进了学生专业选择权的实现,对处境不利(女生、农村地区和低社会经济地位家庭)学生的影响尤其明显;新高考改革对学生专业选择权实现的促进作用在一般本科院校较为显著,在已广泛实施大类招生改革的“双一流”建设高校并不显著。由此建议:加强高中阶段职业生涯规划教育,帮助学生科学行使专业选择权;结合不同类型院校的专业教育特点,完善专业教育体系,提高高校专业教育质量。

It is of great significance for cultivating diverse talents by increasing students' right to choose majors.Therefore,the new college entrance examination reform has carried out a series of institutional arrangements to make students' major choice match better.However,its actual effect needs to be further studied.Based on the data of NCSS,this study estimates the reform's impact on students' major choices using the DID method among first-year students in two provinces with new college entrance examination reform.We found that the reform effectively helped students get better results,especially the disadvantaged students(i.e.,female,rural,and low SES background).At the same time,such a beneficial effect is significant in general universities and colleges,but nonsignificant in the “Double First-Class” construction universities that have widely implemented large-category major enrollment reforms.We suggest that high school should strengthen their career planning education to help students choose their major scientifically;universities and colleges should perfect the professional education system and improve the quality of professional education according to their characteristics in education.