论语言哲学再定向的综合路径

On an Integrated Approach to the Re-orientation of Philosophy of Language

语言转向是贯穿20世纪人文科学的潮流,语言哲学是20世纪哲学的显学。不过,在当代哲学中,语言哲学由于动力不足、方法局限和视野窄化而渐渐失去了一度辉煌的地位,同时面临再定向、再出发的内在动力和外在要求。有鉴于此,当代语言哲学有必要采取再定向的综合路径,即带有层级特点的实证性基础、规范性进路和存在论框架。其中,以乔姆斯基的生物语言学为代表的语言科学进路、以托马塞洛的“新维果茨基进路”为代表的演化心理学方法、以布兰顿的语言哲学为代表的规范性体系和以塞尔的制度实在论为代表的社会存在论,在综合路径中是具有代表性的范例,在理想图景中能够推进语言哲学再次定向,再续辉煌。

The linguistic turn has been the general trend in almost every discipline of humanity throughout the twentieth century,while philosophy of language was one of the most prominent branches of philosophy during this period.For contemporary philosophy,however,philosophy of language has gradually lost that glorious status due to its lack of motivation,its methodological limitations,and a narrowing down of its horizons.As a result of these difficulties,philosophy of language is on the one hand pushed by an intrinsic drive and on the other hand faced with external requirements for a reorientation and re-departure.In view of such a situation,it is necessary for contemporary philosophers working on this area to step onto an integrated path of reorientation,which includes laying an empirical foundation,taking a normative approach,and building an ontological framework with hierarchical characteristics.The scientific approach to language offered by Chomsky's biolinguistics,the method of evolutionary psychology established by Tomasello's“Neo-Vygotskian approach”,the normative system presented by Brandon's philosophy of language,and the social ontology advocated by Searlean institutional positivism are all promising representatives of this integrated approach.Following such an ideal picture,may we hope,the philosophy of language will reorient and renew itself in a successful way.