能量负平衡导致奶牛繁殖力下降的机制进展

Progress in Mechanism of Reduced Fertility in Dairy Cows due to Negative Energy Balance

随着牛奶生产的强化,奶牛生产效率大幅提高,牛奶产量不断增加,高产奶牛的繁殖力却在不断下降,这与奶牛产后能量不平衡相关。当奶牛产后所需能量超过摄入能量时,会出现能量负平衡。研究表明,能量负平衡通过多种机制影响奶牛的繁殖力,其中包括能量负平衡引起奶牛内分泌和代谢机制的改变。因此,本文概述了能量负平衡对奶牛繁殖力的影响,以及能量负平衡导致奶牛繁殖力下降的内分泌和代谢机制,旨在为制定缓解能量负平衡的方法提供参考,以期降低能量负平衡对畜牧业造成的损失。

With the intensification of milk production,cow productivity has increased dramatically and milk production is increasing,however,the fertility of high-yielding cows is decreasing,which is associated with postpartum energy imbalance in cows.A negative energy balance occurs when a cow′s postpartum energy requirements exceed her energy intake.Studies have shown that negative energy balance affects cow fertility through multiple mechanisms,including changes in endocrine and metabolic mechanisms in cows caused by negative energy balance.Therefore,this paper provides an overview of the effects of negative energy balance on cow fertility and the endocrine and metabolic mechanisms by which negative energy balance leads to reduced fertility in cows,with the aim of providing a reference for the development of methods to mitigate negative energy balance with the aim of reducing the losses caused by negative energy balance in animal husbandry.