丝氨酸对宫内发育迟缓哺乳仔猪生长性能、肠道形态结构和免疫相关指标的影响

Effects of Serine on Growth Performance,Intestinal Morphology and Immune Related Indexes of Suckling Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

旨在研究丝氨酸对宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)哺乳仔猪生长性能、肠道形态结构和免疫相关指标的影响。选取16头体重相近((1.27±0.01)kg)、健康的新生仔猪作为对照组,16头体重相近((0.98±0.01)kg)新生IUGR仔猪作为处理组,其中8头IUGR仔猪在第1、4、7、11、15、19、22、26天灌服0.8%3 mL丝氨酸,8头健康仔猪在相同时间灌服3 mL生理盐水,所有仔猪正常哺乳,试验期28 d。其余仔猪在新生第1天屠宰。结果表明:1)新生IUGR仔猪体重显著低于正常仔猪(P<0.05),灌服丝氨酸后,在28日龄时与正常仔猪体重无显著差异(P>0.05);2)新生第1天,IUGR仔猪空肠和回肠绒毛短小且表面不规则,呈絮状,有明显炎症,灌服丝氨酸至第28天后,IUGR仔猪空肠和回肠绒毛排列紧密且表面光滑,明显的炎症反应消失,IUGR仔猪回肠的绒毛高度较对照组显著增加(P<0.05),但IUGR仔猪空肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度较对照组无明显改善(P>0.05);3)第1天时,IUGR新生仔猪血清中白蛋白(ALB)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量较对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),总蛋白(TP)含量和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),灌服丝氨酸至第28天后,IUGR仔猪血清中ALB含量较对照组显著增加(P<0.05),TP、AST和ALT含量较对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),但灌服丝氨酸不能使IUGR仔猪在第28天时血清中IgA、IgG和IgM含量到达正常仔猪水平;4)第1天时,IUGR仔猪外周血中CD4^(+)T细胞数量有低于对照组的趋势(P=0.77),CD8^(+)T细胞数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CD4^(+)与CD8^(+)的比例显著降低(P<0.05),灌服丝氨酸至第28天后,IUGR仔猪外周血中CD4^(+)T细胞和CD8^(+)T细胞数量与对照组相比无显著差异(P<0.05);5)灌服丝氨酸至第28天后,丝氨酸显著增加空肠中白细胞介素10(IL-10)的蛋白表达(P<0.05)。综上可知,外源添加丝氨酸可促进IUGR新生仔猪的生长发育,改善肠道形态结构和提高仔猪免疫功能,从而使IUGR仔猪体重可达正常仔猪水平,本试验结果可为IUGR仔猪的研究和饲养提供一定的参考,也为IUGR仔猪的营养调控提供新思路。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of serine on growth performance,intestinal morphology and immune related indexes of lactating piglets with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Sixteen healthy newborn pigletswith similar weight body weight of(1.27±0.01)kg were selected as the control group,and 16 newborn IUGR piglets(BW=0.98±0.01 kg)with similar weight body weight of(0.98±0.01)kg were selected as the treatment group.Eight IUGR piglets were fed 0.8%3 mL serine at the 1st,4th,7th,11th,15th,19th,22nd and 26th day,and eight healthy piglets were fed 3 mL normal saline at the same time.Normal lactation of all piglets All piglets were suckling normally.The test period was 28 days.Other piglets were slaughtered on the first day of newborn.(Result)The results showed that:1)Newborn IUGR piglets have significantly lower body weight than normal piglets(P<0.05),but after serine administration,there is no significant difference in body weight between normal piglets in two groups at 28 days(P>0.05);2)On the first day of newborn,the villi in the jejunum and ileum of IUGR piglets were short and irregularly flocculent on the surface,with significant inflammation.After feeding with serine to the 28th day,the villi in the jejunum and ileum of IUGR piglets were tightly arranged and smooth on the surface,without significant inflammatory response,the villus height of the ileum in IUGR piglets significantly increased compared to the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant improvement in the villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum in IUGR piglets compared to the control group(P>0.05);3)On the first day,the serum albumin(ALB),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)content of IUGR piglets had no significant difference compared with those of the control group(P>0.05),the total protein(TP)content and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)content activity were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05),the alanine aminotransferase(ALT)content activity was significantly higher(P<0.05),after feeding with serine to the 28th days,the serum ALB content of IUGR piglets was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),while the TP content,AST and ALT activities had no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05),however,serine could not make the content of IgA,IgG and IgM in serum of IUGR piglets reach the level of normal piglets at the 28th days;4)On the first day,compared with the control group,the number of CD4^(+)T cells in the peripheral blood of IUGR piglets showed a decreasing trend(P=0.077),the number of CD8^(+)T cells significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ratio of CD4^(+)to CD8^(+)significantly decreased(P<0.05),after feeding with serine to the 28th days,there was no significant difference in the number of CD4^(+)T cells and CD8^(+)T cells in the peripheral blood of IUGR piglets compared to the control group(P>0.05).5)After 28 days of serine administration,serine the protein expression of interleukin 10(IL-10)in jejunum significantly increased.(Conclusion)In summary,exogenous addition of serine can promote the growth and development of IUGR newborn piglets,improve the intestinal morphology and structure of intestine,and improve the immune function of piglets,so that the body weight of IUGR piglets can reach the level of normal piglets,and the results may have provide certain reference significance for the research and feeding of IUGR piglets,and provide new ideas for the nutritional regulation of IUGR piglets as well.