三种反应器在二氧化碳加氢制酰胺中的应用进展

Progress in application of three reactors for carbon dioxide hydrogenation to amide production

二氧化碳(CO_(2))是主要的温室气体之一,其过度排放对全球气候和环境造成了严重影响。N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)是一种良好的溶剂以及重要的化工中间体,目前年产量可达百万吨级。利用催化技术将CO_(2)与二甲胺(NH(CH_(3))_(2))反应制备成高附加值的DMF可以实现CO_(2)减排,对社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。反应器在实现上述反应的高效催化过程中起着重要的作用。介绍了在CO_(2)催化加氢制DMF中常用的三种反应器(高压反应釜、固定床反应器与浆态床反应器)及其目前的应用情况。高压反应釜由于具有不锈钢外壳以及耐高温、抗腐蚀内胆的结构设计,可适用于含有胺类原料以及需要高压条件的CO_(2)加氢制酰胺反应;固定床反应器可以连续化反应,但易出现热点导致催化剂烧结,且传质不具有优势;浆态床反应器既拥有高压反应釜的高传质、传热能力,也能长时间连续反应。由于高压反应釜操作简单、订购成本较低以及应用范围广泛等特点,目前CO_(2)加氢制备DMF的反应器依然以高压反应釜为主。随着工业化逐渐提上日程,使用连续化的评价装置(固定床反应器和浆态床反应器)可能会是未来的发展趋势。

The excessive release of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has a severe impact on the environment and the world's climate.As a highly effective solvent and a significant chemical intermediate,N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)is produced annually in quantities of up to one million tons.The utilization of catalytic technology in the synthesis of high value-added DMF from CO_(2) with dimethylamine(NH(CH_(3))_(2))offers a promising approach to reducing CO_(2) emissions,thereby contributing significantly to the sustainable development of society.Achieving efficient catalytic processes for the aforementioned reactions highly relies on the utilization of reactors.Three commonly used reactors(high-pressure reactors,fixed bed reactors,and slurry bed reactors)in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2) to DMF were introduced,as well as their current application status.With its stainless-steel casing and inner liner that can withstand high temperatures and corrosion,the high-pressure reactor is suitable for the hydrogenation of CO_(2) to amide reactions containing amine raw materials,which requiring high-pressure conditions.The fixed-bed reactor can facilitate continuous reactions,but it is prone to hot spots leading to catalyst sintering,and it has no advantages in mass transfer.The slurry bed reactor boasts exceptional mass and heat transfer capabilities,akin to those of a high-pressure reactor,while also enabling continuous reaction over extended periods of time.High-pressure reactors remain the primary choice for the production of DMF from CO_(2) due to their ease of use,low cost,and versatility in application.As industrialization becomes increasingly relevant,the prospect of employing continuous evaluation devices,such as fixed bed reactors and slurry bed reactors,may emerge as the prevailing trend for future development.