燃烧后二氧化碳捕集材料的研究进展

Research progress of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture materials

二氧化碳(CO_(2))的过量排放造成了气候变化、生态失衡和海洋酸化等一系列严重问题,CO_(2)捕集与封存(CCS)技术是目前能缓解CO_(2)过量排放的有效手段。在CCS技术中,CO_(2)捕集环节所需的成本最高,为了使CCS技术得到有效推广和应用,应重点研究CO_(2)捕集技术和材料以降低该环节的成本。在3种CO_(2)捕集技术中,与燃烧前捕集技术和富氧燃烧技术相比,燃烧后捕集技术因技术成熟、对设备改造要求低而被广泛应用。重点综述了燃烧后CO_(2)捕集材料的研究进展,包括液体吸收剂(有机胺、氨水溶液和离子液体)、固体吸附剂(生物炭、沸石和金属有机框架材料等)以及膜材料,并对比分析了各种材料的优缺点。最后提出干水因其独特的“固包液”结构可作为一种固液复合CO_(2)捕集材料,有望克服单一材料的缺点,提高CO_(2)捕集效率。

The excessive emission of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has caused a series of serious problems such as climate change,ecological unbalance,ocean acidification and so on.CO_(2) capture and storage(CCS)technology is an effective means to alleviate the excessive emission of CO_(2) at present.Among CCS technologies,CO_(2) capture requires the highest cost.In order to effectively promote and apply CCS technology,emphasis should be placed on CO_(2) capture technology and materials to reduce the cost of this process.Among the three CO_(2) capture technologies,compared with pre-combustion capture technology and oxy-combustion technology,post-combustion capture technology has been widely used because of its mature technology and low requirements for equipment transformation.The research progress of CO_(2) capture materials after combustion was reviewed,including liquid absorbent(organic amine,ammonia solution and ionic liquid),solid adsorbent(biochar,zeolite,metal-organic frame materials,etc.)and membrane materials,and advantages and disadvantages of each materials were compared and analyzed.Finally,it was proposed that dry water can be used as a solid-liquid composite CO_(2) capture material because of its unique“solid-liquid”structure,which is expected to overcome the shortcomings of a single material and improve the CO_(2) capture efficiency.