高等学校预聘—长聘制的法学审视

The"Pre-employment—Long-Term Employment"System in Colleges and Universities:A Jurisprudential Perspective

公办高等学校和教师签订的预聘—长聘制合同主要是准行政—劳动合同,准行政意味着部分具备行政合同的性质,形式上归属《中华人民共和国劳动法》,但走的是民法的诉讼路径。从这一制度的法理上看,组织逻辑方面,高等学校与教师是雇佣关系;学术宗旨方面,在于创新与发展学术;人才建设方面,旨在优胜劣汰留住精英。预聘—长聘制作为“非升即走”制度的本土化产物,亟须在实践中走出具有中国特色的创新之路。因而,制度设计方面,应意在以业绩鉴别代替末位淘汰;聘任程序方面,要倡导合理协商并建立高等学校与预聘教师的磋商机制;保障救济方面,完善准行政合同的司法救助。

The"pre-employment—long-term employment"contracts signed by public colleges/universities and their teachers are mainly quasi-administration-labor contracts,which indicate that only part of them have the nature of an administrative contract,and that they belong to theLabor Law of the People's Republic of China in form but must follow the procedures of the civil law.From the legal perspective of this system,there is logically an employment relationship between colleges/universities and teachers;from the perspective of academic objectives,the system aims to pursue innovation and develop academic fields;from the perspective of talent cultivation,the system aims to retain elite talents,and dismiss incompetent teachers.The"pre-employment—long-term employment"system,a localized product of the"up-or-out"system,needs to find a way of innovation with Chinese characteristics in practice.Therefore,in terms of system designing,we need to replace the last elimination system with performance identification;in terms of appointment procedures,we need to advocate reasonable consultations and the establishment of a consultation mechanism between colleges/universities and pre-appointed teachers;and in terms of relief,we need to improve the judicial relief in quasi-administrative contracts.