欧盟委员会的扩权与欧盟对华政策的嬗变

The Expansion of the European Commission's Influences in EU Foreign Affairs:Consequences for the EU's China Policy

在2019年《欧盟—中国战略展望》发布后,欧盟逐渐调整以经济互利为核心的对华政策,中欧双方围绕意识形态、经贸投资以及科技创新等议题的分歧日益凸显。在这一过程中,冯德莱恩委员会在继承容克委员会对华政策范式的基础上,明确了新时期对华定位,启动了“去风险”进程;在保持与中国接触的前提下,更加注重实现供应链的多元化和印太战略的构建。冯德莱恩委员会所推动的对华政策,不仅是欧盟结合当下供应链体系、地区安全局势和现实盟友关系进行重新研判的结果,更是欧盟内部权力格局演变和机构间竞合的产物。由于《里斯本条约》对欧盟各机构在对外关系领域的权能划分不够明确,欧盟委员会得以凭借内部组织结构调整,发挥政策自主性,并通过与欧洲议会的协调逐步扩大其在欧盟对华政策中的影响力。这一发展促使欧盟将对华关系“政治化”和“安全化”的趋势日益加剧,不仅对中欧双边关系的平稳发展产生负面影响,也会在不同的维度上恶化中国的周边环境。

After the publication of EU-ChinaA Strategic Outlook in 2019,the European Union has been reassessing its stance toward China due to the growing disagreements between China and Europe on issues like ideology,trade and technological innovation.The Von der Leyen Commission has articulated a new approach that involves a de-risking process,aimed at diversifying supply chains and developing an Indo-Pacific strategy,while it stll keeps engaging with China.This new direction is not just a response to exogenous factors,such as supply chain vulnerabilities and regional security issues.It also mirrors endogenous dynamics within the EU political landscape.After the Lisbon Treaty came into force,the European Commission has asserted greater policy autonomy in EU-China relations.Such a shift within the EU has accelerated a trend toward both politicizing and securitizing its relationship with China,which could negatively impact the stability of bilateral relations and worsen China's regional environment.