全球清洁能源合作伙伴关系下的中欧技术合作

An Assessment of China-Europe Technology Cooperation under the Global Clean Energy Partnership

在中国推动建立全球清洁能源合作伙伴关系和欧洲提出对华“去风险化”的背景下,中欧作为气候变化与清洁能源领域的重要合作伙伴,机遇与挑战并存。围绕如何推进中欧清洁能源技术合作,本文基于共同需求、双边关系、合作基础和合作经济性四个方面,构建了合作潜力评估框架。根据测算,中国与欧洲国家的合作状况可分为“保持合作”“挖掘潜力”“增强互信”“开展接触”四种情景。根据欧洲各国总体及其不同领域的清洁能源技术实力水平,中国可选择“引进来”或“走出去”的合作模式,并优先在各国相对优势的领域与其开展合作。结合合作情景、合作模式与代表性技术领域的综合评估结果,可以看出:中欧海上风电光伏制氢项目的合作潜力较大,可采取“引进来”的方式,与法国、德国、荷兰等属于“保持合作”或“增强互信”情景的国家开展合作;中国新能源汽车具有赴欧投资建厂的合作潜力,可采取“走出去”的方式,与匈牙利、土耳其、葡萄牙等属于“挖掘潜力”情景的国家开展合作;国际热核聚变实验堆计划建设工程和中英碳捕集、利用与封存技术合作因受双边关系和合作经济性的影响而有所滞缓,可在增强国家互信的基础上,分别与法国探索联合技术研发、与英国开展“引进来”合作。

Under the background of China's promotion of the global clean energy partnership and Europe's proposal of"de-risking"from China,China and Europe,as important partners in the field of climate change and clean energy,face both opportunities and difficulties.Centering on how to promote China-Europe clean energy technology cooperation,the authors construct a framework to assess the cooperation potentials based on four factors of joint demand,bilateral relation,cooperation foundation,and the economy of cooperation.According to our calculations,the cooperation between China and European countries can be divided into four scenarios,that is,"maintaining cooperation",""exploring potential","enhancing mutual trust"and"keeping engagement",In addition,in view of the overall situation of each European country and their respective strength in different fields of clean energy technology,China can choose a cooperation model of"bringing in"or"going out",and prioritize cooperation with different countries in its advantageous areas.Based on a comprehensive evaluation of cooperation scenarios,models and technology fields,the authors find that there exist significant cooperation potentials in the field of hydrogen production from offshore wind or photovoltaic project,where China can,by way of the"bringing in"model,cooperate with France,Germany and the Netherlands who belong to the"maintaining cooperation"or"enhancing mutual trust"scenarios.There are potentials for China to invest and build factories in Europe in the field of new energy vehicles,where it can cooperate with Hungary,Turkey and Portugal who belong to the"exploring potential"scenarios,by way of the"going out"model.The ITER Program and the China-UK cooperation on CCUS have been delayed due to the influences of the bilateral relation and economy of cooperation.On the basis of the""enhancing mutual trust"scenario,China can explore joint R&D and"bringing in"cooperation with France and the UK respectively.