基于城乡视角中国家庭多维健康贫困测度

Measurement and urban-rural disparity of multidimensional health poverty among Chinese households:a CFPS data analysis

目的基于城乡视角对中国家庭多维健康贫困进行测度与解构,为进一步缩小城乡健康贫困差距以及消除健康贫困提供循证依据。方法收集2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)中12494户中国家庭(城镇家庭6409户、农村家庭6085户)的经济活动、教育获得、家庭关系与家庭动态、人口迁移、身心健康等数据,采用健康贫困评价指标体系及多维健康贫困测度指数创新性地以健康权利、健康能力和健康风险三大维度测度解构多维贫困的贡献归属。结果2018年中国家庭的多维健康贫困指数和发生率分别为0.216和0.472,城乡分解测度显示城市家庭的多维健康贫困指数和发生率分别为0.184和0.410,农村家庭的多维健康贫困指数和发生率分别为0.249和0.537;维度分解表明健康风险、健康能力和健康权利的贡献度分别为0.478、0.268和0.254,全国、城市和农村在健康权利维度上的贡献度分别为0.254、0.267和0.244,在健康能力维度上的贡献度分别为0.268、0.228和0.299,在健康风险维度上的贡献度分别为0.478、0.505和0.457。结论2018年中国农村家庭的多维健康贫困指数和发生率均高于城市家庭,健康风险已成为多维健康贫困的重要贡献维度,而健康能力则是城乡差异最大的维度,对农村健康能力的提高应加以重视。

Objective To measure multidimensional health poverty(MHP)and its urban-rural disparity among Chinese households for providing evidence to the elimination of health poverty among urban and rural households in China.Methods The data of the analysis were extracted from a round of China Family Panel Survey(CFPS)conducted in 2018 across China,which collected the information of 12494 households(6409 in urban and 6085 in rural regions)on economic activity,education access,family relationship and dynamics,migration,and family members'physical and mental health status.The MHP was assessed and the contribution of the three dimensional components(health right,health capability and health risk)to MHP were deconstructed with self-established health poverty evaluation index system and multidimensional health poverty measurement index(MHPI).Results For all the households surveyed in 2018,the overall MHPI was 0.216 and the prevalence of MHP was 0.472;the values of MHPI and MHP prevalence were 0.184 and 0.410 for the surveyed urban households but were 0.249 and 0.537 for the rural households.For the households surveyed nationwide,in urban regions,and in rural regions,the contribution indexes of health risk/capability/right to MHP were 0.478/0.268/0.254,0.267/0.268/0.505,and 0.244/0.299/0.457,respectively.Conclusion During 2018 in China,both the MHPI and MHP prevalence were higher in rural households than those in urban households;health risk was an important contributor to MHP and the urban-rural disparity in the contribution of health capacity to MHP was the greatest among the three dimensional contributors of MHP.