烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸及其前体防治衰老相关疾病作用机制研究进展

Progress in research on mechanism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its precursors against aging-related diseases

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD+)是多种脱氢酶的辅酶,在糖酵解、三羧酸循环等生理过程中发挥着重要作用,并参与能量代谢、蛋白质翻译和修饰、DNA修复和细胞应激等多种生物过程以对抗疾病。大量研究显示,衰老伴随着细胞和组织NAD+水平的下降,而这种下降与代谢性疾病、神经退行性疾病、免疫炎症、肿瘤等许多衰老相关疾病存在因果关系。NAD+及其前体(烟酸、烟酰胺单核苷酸、烟酰胺核糖等)在延缓衰老、防治许多衰老相关疾病等方面具有重要作用。本文主要综述了逆转NAD+年龄依赖性下降防治衰老相关疾病的调控机制,并简述了NAD+代谢、NAD+前体功能及有效补充NAD+的途径,为衰老相关疾病的预防和治疗方案提供参考。

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)is a coenzyme of various dehydrogenases,which plays an important role in physiological processes such as glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle.In addition,NAD+involves in various biological processes,such as energy metabolism,protein translation and protein modification,DNA repair and cellular stress to combat diseases.Numerous studies have shown that organismal aging is accompanied by decline of NAD+levels,which is causally related to many aging-related diseases,including metabolic diseases,neurodegenerative diseases,immune inflammation,and tumors.Besides,NAD+and its synthetic precursors(nicotinic acid,nicotinamide mononucleotide,nicotinamide ribose,etc.)have important efficacy in delaying aging and preventing many aging-related diseases.In this paper,we review regulatory mechanisms in reversing the age-dependent decline of NAD+to prevent aging-related diseases,and briefly describe NAD+metabolism,NAD+precursor function,and effective NAD+supplementation pathways for the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases.