世界卫生组织及美国、英国卫生应急准备框架比较与借鉴

Health emergency preparedness frameworks proposed by World Health Organization and issued in the United States,the United Kingdom:comparison and enlightenment

卫生应急准备作为突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系中的重要一环,受到世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)及各个国家和地区的高度重视。公共卫生应急准备被定义为“公共卫生和医疗保健系统、社区和个人预防、保护、快速响应和从卫生紧急情况中恢复的能力,特别是那些规模、时间或不可预测性可能压倒常规能力的紧急情况”。本文概述和比较了世界卫生组织、美国和英国出台的卫生应急准备框架,并借鉴上述组织和国家卫生应急准备构架中的相关经验,提出了一套涵盖突发公共卫生事件准备、应对和恢复阶段的系统化的卫生应急准备框架(包括功能子系统、管理机制与资源支持3大系统模块)及相应的建议,为完善我国卫生应急准备框架提供支撑。

As an important part of the emergency management system for public health emergencies,health emergency preparedness has been highly valued by the World Health Organization(WHO)and various countries and regions.Public health emergency preparedness(PHEP)has been defined as the capability of the public health and health care systems/communities/individuals to prevent,protect against,quickly respond to,and recover from health emergencies,particularly those with the scale,timing,or unpredictability exceeding conventional capabilities.In this paper,we summarize and compare the health emergency preparedness frameworks proposed by the World Health Organization and issued in the United States and the United Kingdom,and draw on the relevant experience of the abovementioned organizations and national health emergency preparedness frameworks,and proposes a set of systematic health emergency preparedness frameworks composed of three major system modules(functional subsystem,management mechanism and resource support)covering the preparation,response and recovery phases of public health emergencies.This study puts forward corresponding suggestions to provide support for improving China's health emergency preparedness framework.