中国耕地保护现状、挑战与转型

Current Situation,Challenges and Transformation of Cultivated Land Protection in China

耕地是保障国家粮食安全和经济社会稳定发展的根基,面对国内外复杂的资源环境问题,迫切需要全面推进耕地保护转型。我国实施的耕地保护制度取得了重大成效,但是也存在“空间频繁调整、质量退化严重、环境风险凸显、种粮效益不高”四大典型问题,还面临“粮食需求总量刚性增长、极端农业气象灾害频发、国际粮食贸易市场动荡、城市建设步伐仍在加快”四大严峻挑战。我国耕地保护目标迫切需要向“数量包容、质量韧性、生态绿色、区域协同”四个方面转型,围绕“耕地保护弹性空间、耕地质量协同提升、耕地环境风险管控、耕地权益横向补偿”四个层面开展耕地保护转型研究。未来,要从“部门协同、法律保障、科技支撑、国际贸易”四个维度构建耕地保护转型保障机制。

Cultivated land is the foundation for guaranteeing national food security and stable economic and social development.Facing the complex domestic and international resource and environmental issues,it is urgent for us to comprehensively promote the transformation of cultivated land protection.The cultivated land protection system implemented in China has achieved significant results,but there are also four typical problems:frequent spatial adjustment,serious quality degradation,increased environmental risks,and low efficiency of grain production.At the same time,there exist four serious challenges:rigid growth in total demand for food,frequent extreme agricultural meteorological disasters,turbulence in the international grain trade market,and accelerated urban construction.China's cultivated land protection goal urgently needs to be transformed to four aspects:quantitative inclusion,quality resilience,ecological greenness,and regional coordination,focusing on four levels of research on farmland protection transformation:elastic space for farmland protection;coordinated improvement of farmland quality;control of environmental risks in farmland;horizontal compensation for land rights.In the future,it is necessary to establish a guarantee mechanism for the transformation of cultivated land protection from four dimensions:departmental coordination,legal protection,scientific and technological support,and international trade.