文明互鉴视域下“本己”与“克己”差异性分析

Analysis of the Difference Between“Authentic-being”and“Self-discipline”from the Perspective of Civilization Exchange

在文明互鉴视域下,“海德格尔与中国”是中国现代性话题中的热点之一。中国的现代性问题核心是“古今中西”问题,海德格尔与中国本属于“中西”问题,但又经常错位为“古今”问题,具体表现为海德格尔与孔子、庄子、老子的互鉴会通。但这种互鉴会通本质上是含混的,往往掩盖了深刻的差异性甚至对立。通过海德格尔此在的“本己生存”与孔子“克己复礼”的对照性研究,可以澄清其差异性是文脉传承的对立,并由此指明儒学的现代复兴在“儒”,不在“学”。不管是现象学的阐释,还是诠释学的阐释,复兴和繁荣的只是儒学这门学术,而不是孔孟之道的复兴,真正的儒家复兴需要两个历史性条件:一是要与中国现代文化形态建设相一致,二是儒士的新生。

“Heidegger and China”is one of the hot topics in discussions on Chinese modernity from the perspective of mutual learning and appreciation of Civilizations.The core issue of Chinese modernity revolves around the“ancient and mo-dern,Chinese and Western”problem.Heidegger's relationship with China falls under the category of“Chinese and Western”,but it is often misinterpreted as an issue between“ancient and modern”,which is embodied in the mutual interpretation and communication between Heidegger and Confucius,Zhuangzi,and Laozi.However,this mutual influence is essentially ambiguous and tends to conceal profound differences or even contradictions.By contrasting Heidegger's“authentic-being”in the concept of“Dasein”with Confucius'idea of“self-discipline and returning to Zhou Rites”,we can clarify that their differences lie in their respective intellectual traditions.This contrast also highlights that the revival of Confucianism lie not in its academic aspects but rather in embracing its teachings.Whether it be phenomenological interpretation or hermeneutical interpretation,what experiences a revival or prosperity is merely the academic discipline known as Confucianism rather than a revival of Confucius-Mencius philosophy.A genuine revival of Confucianism requires two historical conditions:alignment with China's modern cultural construction and a new generation of Confucian scholars.