数据要素纳入分配制度的价值向度与实现路径

The Value Dimensions and Realization Path of Incorporating Data Elements into the Distribution System

收入分配制度的完善是构建中国特色社会主义制度的重要课题,对我国实现经济高质量发展以及增进人民福祉发挥着重要作用。随着数字化时代的到来,数据的价值不断地显化在社会发展的各个方面,愈发关系着人民群众的切身利益。我国与时俱进地将数据要素纳入基础性分配制度,适应了我国进入以数据为核心要素的高质量发展阶段、人类命运共同体建构阶段的时代背景,是在推进实现全体人民共同富裕、实现人自由而全面的发展、加快构建新发展格局、促进全球共同发展繁荣等多重价值向度的指引下,以生产关系的调整回应生产力的变革发展要求。基于此,进入高质量发展阶段,推动数据要素融入分配制度,首先,要把数据要素纳入初次分配,推进数据要素主体登记制度的建设,完善数据要素资产定价和价值分配的市场化激励机制。其次,要把数据要素纳入再分配,由政府主导建立直接面向数据要素市场的政府财政税收制度及财政预算支出项目,以及针对数据要素市场违法违规行为的行政处罚制度。最后,把数据要素纳入第三次分配,要引导科技向善,在全社会营造良好氛围的同时,推动公共数据开放,建立面向特定市场主体的公共数据授权运营和收益分配制度。

The improvement of the income distribution system is an important issue in building a socialist system with Chinese characteristics,and it plays an important role in achieving high-quality economic development and enhancing people's well-being in China.With the advent of the digital age,the value of data continues to manifest in various aspects of social development,increasingly affecting the vital interests of the people.China has kept pace with the times by incorporating data elements into the basic distribution system,adapting to the era of highquality development with data as a core element and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.This move is guided by multiple value dimensions such as promoting common prosperity for all,achieving personal free and comprehensive development,accelerating the construction of a new development pattern,and promoting global common development and prosperity.It respond to the changing and developing demands of productivity through the adjustment of production relations.Based on this,as China enters the stage of high-quality development,we need to promote the integration of data elements into the distribution system through these means:firstly,data elements should be included in the primary distribution,the construction of the registration system for data element entities should be promted,and the market-oriented incentive mechanism for asset pricing and value distribution of data elements should be further improved.Secondly,it is necessary to incorporate data elements into redistribution,establish a government-led fiscal and tax system and budget expenditure projects that directly connects to the data element market,as well as an administrative penalty system for illegal activities in the data element market.Finally,by incorporating data elements into the tertiary distribution,we need to guide technology for the greater good,create a favorable environment across society,promote the openness of public data,and establish a system of authorized operation and profit distribution of public data for specific market entities.