农户有机肥施用意愿差异分解——基于普通农户、农垦农户与职业农户的对比

ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN FARMERS' WILLINGNESS TO USE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS——BASED ON THE COMPARISON OF SMALLHOLDERS,STATE-OWNED FARMERS AND PROFESSIONAL FARMERS

[目的]探究不同类型农户有机肥施用意愿差异及原因,对制定有机肥推广政策及改善耕地质量具有现实意义。[方法]文章基于海南省499份芒果种植户调查数据,探讨了普通农户、农垦农户和职业农户的内在特征,并运用Fairlie分解法对比分析了农户有机肥施用意愿差异的来源。[结果](1)3类农户有机肥施用意愿存在差异,由高到低依次为农垦农户、职业农户和普通农户;(2)有机肥施用意愿差异的来源不同,包括外显特征差异和内在特征差异,其中外显特征差异是导致普通农户与职业农户之间差异的主因,内在特征差异是导致农垦农户与普通农户、职业农户之间差异的主因;(3)外显特征中的种植面积和家庭总收入对农户有机肥施用意愿差异的贡献较大。[结论]针对不同类型的农户设计差别化的有机肥推广政策:强化普通农户有机肥技术培训,提高其组织化程度;引导职业农户签订长期稳定的土地使用合同;拓宽农垦农户信贷渠道,给予其信贷扶持。

It is of practical significance to explore the differences in the willingness of organic fertilizer application and the reasons among different types of farmers for formulating organic fertilizer promotion policies and improving cultivated land quality.Based on the survey data of 499 mango farmers in Hainan province,this paper explored the internal characteristics of smallholders,state-owned farmers and professional farmers,and used the Fairlie decomposition method to compare and analyze the sources of differences in farmers' willingness to apply organic fertilizer.The results showed that:(1) There were differences in the willingness to apply organic fertilizer among three types of farmers,in descending order of state-owned farmers,professional farmers,and smallholders;(2) The sources of differences in the willingness to apply organic fertilizer were different,including the differences in external and internal characteristics,among which differences in external characteristics were the leading cause of differences between smallholders and professional farmers,and differences in internal characteristics were the leading cause of differences between state-owned farmers and the other two types of famers;(3) The planting area and total household income significantly contributed to farmers' willingness to apply organic fertilizer.Therefore,it is suggested to design differentiated organic fertilizer promotion policies for different farmers,such as strengthening the training in organic fertilizer technology for smallholders and improving their organization,guiding professional farmers to sign long-term land use contracts,and broadening the credit channels for state-owned farmers to give them credit support.