药食同源防治代谢病的经典营养治疗策略——生酮饮食

Ketogenic diet:A classical nutritional therapeutic strategy of food as medicine for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases

生酮饮食是药食同源防病治病的经典营养治疗策略,是一类以高脂肪、低碳水化合物和适当蛋白质及营养素组成的饮食。一般情况下,为人体供应能量的来源顺序是糖、脂肪、蛋白质。生酮饮食模拟了人体饥饿时的状态,以脂肪代谢产生的酮体作为身体能量的供源,不依赖碳水化合物。数十年来,生酮饮食在药物难治性癫痫的治疗中取得了较好的疗效,对多种代谢病的防治价值也得到了验证。对于不同疾病的患者,需要根据患者的营养代谢状态设计个体化生酮饮食治疗方案,以减少风险,争取最好的疗效。文章将从生酮饮食的概念、方案、机制、适应证、禁忌证以及不良反应等方面进行阐述,旨在加强对生酮饮食的认识,更好地应用生酮饮食防治疾病。

Ketogenic diet is a classical nutritional therapeutic strategy of food as medicine for disease prevention and treatment.It is a kind of diet composed of high fat,low carbohydrate,appropriate protein and nutrients.Under general condition,the source of energy for the human body is sugar,followed by fat and protein.The therapeutic principle of ketogenic diet mimics energy metabolism under starvation.The source of energy is supplied by ketone bodies produced by fat metabolism,not relying on carbohydrates.Decades of clinical and scientific research have confirmed the good curative effect of ketogenic diet in the treatment of some patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.Its value in the prevention and treatment of many metabolic diseases has also been verified.For patients with different diseases,it is necessary to design individual ketogenic diet plans according to their nutritional and metabolic status,in order to reduce the risk and try to attain the best effect.This review describes the concept,scheme,mechanism,indications,contraindications and adverse reactions of ketogenic diet,aiming to further understand the ketogenic diet and better guide the practice of ketogenic diet to prevent and treat disease.