Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸对脑发育及脑功能的价值

Value of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain development and function

脂肪酸是机体生长发育的重要物质基础,在维持健康和疾病防治中发挥多种作用。其中膳食中的多不饱和脂肪酸,特别是Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸,是神经系统发育不可或缺的成分。在儿童生长发育过程中,缺乏Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能导致神经系统发育或功能缺陷,引起注意缺陷多动障碍、孤独症谱系障碍、精神分裂症等多种神经精神疾病。如果母亲孕期缺乏Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸,可能导致早产、围生期婴儿死亡、围生期母亲抑郁症、胎儿脑发育异常等。该文总结了国内外关于Omega-3脂肪酸的研究进展及其在神经精神疾病防治中的应用价值。对于注意缺陷多动障碍等神经精神疾病,应注意潜在的营养代谢异常,分析宏量营养结构中的问题,适当补充Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸有助于改善患者神经精神情况。

Fatty acids are essential components of body growth and development,playing various roles in maintaining health and preventing diseases.Among them,dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids,especially Omega-3 polyunsa-turated fatty acids,are indispensable to neurodevelopment.In the process of child development,a deficiency of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can lead to damage to the nervous system,resulting in various neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and autism spectrum disorders.If Omega-3 polyun-saturated fatty acids are lacking during pregnancy,it can result in preterm birth,neonatal mortality and maternal depression during the perinatal period,and fetal abnormal brain development.This review summarizes the recent research progress on Omega-3 fatty acids at home and abroad,highlighting the importance of Omega-3 fatty acids in the human body and their role in neurodevelopment.For the patients with neuropsychiatric diseases such as ADHD,the potential nutritional metalolic abnormality should be paid attention to and metabolic analysis should be performed to identify macro-nutrient structural problems.Appropriate supplementation of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can improve the neuropsychiatric status of patients.