真实受众对叙事进程的介入:探索一种可能的叙事理论

The Intervention of Real Audiences in the Narrative Process: Exploring a Possible Narrative Theory

实际的叙事活动中存在大量真实受众介入叙事进程的现象。但是,叙事学研究历来都有着“文本中心”和“叙述者中心”倾向;现有关于真实受众的研究大多涉及阅读和观影心理、受众消费调查等方面;以戏剧为代表的演艺类艺术研究也并不注重真实受众与叙事的关系。这导致真实受众被排除在叙事学研究之外。要想把真实受众引入叙事分析,需要实现从“封闭的文本”向“开放的作品”的转变,同时重视真实受众在不同艺术门类中的不同类型及其作用。把真实受众引入叙事分析也就意味着要打破传统的相对封闭的叙事框架,走向“开放的叙事”。引入受众与叙事关系的“剧场性”观念,修正已有的“叙事进程”和“叙事介入”理论,可以将真实受众对叙事进程的介入进一步区分为“真实受众对真实叙事进程的介入”和“真实受众对虚构叙事进程的介入”,并以此来探索建构一种由真实受众来主导的叙事理论。

There is a phenomenon where a significant number of actual audience members actively participate and intervene in the narrative process during narrative activities.It is true that the field of narratology often leans towards a“text-centered”and“narrator-centered”approach,neglecting the examination of the real audience's role.Existing research on the real audience mainly focuses on areas such as reading and viewing psychology,audience consumption surveys,and similar aspects.Similarly,in the realm of performing arts,particularly drama,the emphasis is often placed on the performance itself rather than exploring the relationship between the real audience and the narrative.This leads to the exclusion of the real audience from the study of narratology.Incorporating the real audience into narrative analysis requires a shift from a“closed text”to an“open work”perspective.It involves recognizing the different types and roles of the real audience in various art forms and moving away from traditional,closed narrative frameworks towards an“open narrative”approach.By incorporating the concept of“theatricality”into the audience-narrative relationship,existing theories of“narrative process”and“narrative intervention”can be reexamined.This allows for a differentiation of the real audience's intervention in the narrative process into“intervention in the real narrative process”and“intervention in the fictional narrative process”.This perspective opens up possibilities for exploring the development of a narrative theory that is shaped by the active participation of the real audience.