生命整体性存在中的自由创造——论谢林想象力理论的三重面向及美学内涵

Free Creation in the Holistic Being of Life: A Study of the Three Dimensions and the Aesthetic Connotation of Schelling's Imagination Theory

谢林从想象力问题的悖论出发,对想象力创造性直观的本质作了深入阐释。他把绝对者的理智直观视为想象力的先验根基,将想象力从认识论上升到存在论,成为一种根源于神性创世活动的创造力,建立起人与世界存在之间的根本性关联。诗性想象是神性想象在经验世界的客观化。它通过“内化塑造”的美感活动沟通了有限与无限,实现了绝对者创造并直观自身的实在化过程。想象力与整个哲学体系形而上的建构原理合一,是本原意义上的诗性创造。想象力的本质结构中蕴含着自由与必然的矛盾。谢林认为真正的想象应当是在体系中受内在必然性约束的自由创造。他将人的真正的想象揭示为建立在人性自由基础之上的神性与诗性的结合。想象力的神性、诗性和自由三维理论结构贯通了人的理智、感性和意志三大精神领域,对应于真、美、善三重元价值,促使人达成一种整体和谐的生命状态。

Embarking on the paradox of the imagination,Schelling elaborates on its creative and intuitive nature.He regards the intellectual intuition of the Absolute as the transcendental foundation of imagination,thus elevating the latter from the level of epistemology to that of ontology,and making it a kind of creativity rooted in the divine Creation that establishes the fundamental relationship between human and the being of the world.The poetic imagination is the objectification of the divine imagination in the empirical world.It communicates the finite and the infinite through the aesthetic action of“Ein-bildung,”and achieves the realization of the Absolute's self-production and self-intuition.The integration of imagination and the metaphysical construction principle of the whole philosophical system is essentially a poetic creation.The inherent structure of imagination contains a contradiction between freedom and necessity.Schelling believes that the real imagination should be free creation constrained by systematic inner necessity.He reveals the real human imagination as the combination of divinity and poetry based on human freedom.The three-dimensional theoretical structure of imagination—divinity,poetry and freedom—runs through the three human spiritual fields,reason,sensibility and will,which correspond to the triple meta-value of truth,beauty and goodness,prompting people to achieve an overall harmonious state of life.