某三甲医院2014年至2019年血液病患者死亡分析

Death Analysis of Patients with Hematological Diseases from 2014 to 2019 in a Three A and Tertiary Hospital

目的通过研究某血液病医院住院死亡病例,分析血液系统疾病患者病死原因,为有关部门的卫生预防与血液病的诊疗工作提供科学依据。方法某院2014年1月1日至2019年12月31日出院患者总计144514人次,其中死亡患者数总计294人,导出数据后进行统计整理分析,通过软件SPSS Statistics 25对数据结果进行χ^(2)检验。结果2014年至2019年某院住院患者病死率为0.45%,且呈下降趋势(χ^(2)=15.624,P=0.001),差异有统计学意义;在所有死亡患者中,40-59岁年龄段患者最高占37.07%,其次20-39岁年龄段占25.17%;排名前三位的死亡疾病病种分别为:急性髓系白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征;住院病死地域分布最多的为华北地区,占比50.68%,其次为东北地区和华东地区,占比为17.35%和16.67%;死亡患者科室分布前四位是干细胞移植中心、综合诊疗中心、MDS诊疗中心和白血病诊疗中心。结论我国居民血液系统患病率逐年增高,而医疗服务水平和质量的提升使病死率呈下降趋势,造成患病死亡的原因是治疗后免疫力下降引起较难治疗的并发症,其中20-60岁年龄段死亡患者占比较高,且男性患病率和病死率均高于女性,应加强对血液病患者的健康教育,增强血液病护理知识,降低感染率和病死率;加强对血液病的防治,提高患者生存质量。

Objectives By researching a blood disease hospital deaths from 2014 to 2019 in the hospital,to analyze blood system diseases patients and death cause in our country,for the relevant departments of health and prevention of blood would provide a scientific basis for diagnosis and treatment work.Methods From January 1st,2014 to December 31st,2019,a total of 144514 patients were discharged from the hospital,including 294 deaths;the inpatient death data of a hospital were collected and analyzed according to the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10)and Surgical operation classification and code(ICD-9-CM3),The original data were analyzed by using SPSS Statistics 25 software forχ^(2) test.Results According to the analysis of 294 cases of death in a hematology hospital from 2014 to 2019,the fatality rate of inpatients in a hospital was 0.45%,with a decreasing trend(χ^(2)=16.624,P=0.001),and the difference was statistically significant.Among all the deaths,patients aged 40-59 accounted for 37.07%,followed by those aged 20-39 for 25.17%.The mortality rate of male was twice that of female.The top three causes of death were acute myeloid leukemia,acute lymphoblastic leukemia,and myelodysplastic syndrome;The geographical distribution of inpatient deaths was the largest in North China,accounting for 50.68%.Followed by Northeast China and East China,accounting for 17.35%and 16.67%;The top four departments of death patients were stem cell transplantation center,comprehensive diagnosis and treatment center,MDS diagnosis and treatment center and leukemia diagnosis and treatment center.Conclusions The morbidity rate of blood system of Chinese residents was increasing year by year,while the improvement of medical service level and quality led to a downward trend in case fatality rate,which was caused by complications that were difficult to treat due to decreased immunity after treatment,among which the mortality rate of patients aged 20-60 years was relatively high,and the morbidity and mortality rate of males were higher than that of females.Therefore,health education for patients with blood diseases should be strengthened.Enhance nursing knowledge of blood diseases,reduce infection rate and mortality rate;Strengthen the prevention and treatment of blood diseases and improve the quality of life of patients.