辽宁浑河源自然保护区蕨类植物组成及物种多样性

Fern species composition and diversity in Hunhe River Source Nature Reserve,Liaoning Province.

物种多样性分布的研究对于生物多样性保护至关重要。为了解北方河流源头区蕨类植物及物种多样性分布特点,本研究以辽宁省浑河源自然保护区蕨类植物为研究对象,分析了蕨类植物的组成及不同地形.条件下的物种多样性分布特征。结果表明:(1)共记录有蕨类植物8科13属17种,优势科为鳞毛蕨科和蹄盖蕨科。(2)木贼(Hippochaete hyemale)、猴腿蹄盖蕨(Athyrium multidentatum)、球子蕨(Onoclea sensibilis var.interrupta)、东北蛾眉蕨(Lunathyrium pycnosorum)、荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris)、粗茎鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris crassirhizoma)和新蹄盖蕨(Neoathyrium crenulato serrulatum)是浑河源蕨类植物群落中常见并具有代表性的种类,其中木贼和猴腿蹄盖蕨是蕨类植物群落中的优势种。(3)物种多样性分布受海拔和坡向的影响显著,Margalef指数在海拔700~800m和500~600m间存在显著差异(P<0.05),Margalef指数和Shannon指数在北坡和南坡间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(4)随海拔的升高,物种多样性呈先升后降的单峰分布变化,在中海拔上物种多样性达到最高;自北坡、东坡、南坡到西坡,物种多样性呈现先降后升的分布规律,在北坡物种多样性最高,南坡最低;平坡的物种多样性最低,非蕨类植物生存的适宜坡度;中坡位的物种多样性最高,是蕨类植物生存的适宜坡位。本研究可为浑河源及其相似地区蕨类植物的多样性保护和生态恢复提供科学依据。

Study of the distribution of species diversity is essential for biodiversity conservation.To understand fern species composition and their diversity distribution characteristics in the headwaters of the rivers in northern China,we investigated ferns in Hunhe River Source Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province and analyzed the characteristics of fern species diversity and distribution under diferent topographic conditions.The results showed that:(1)There were 17 fern species in the Hunhe River Source Nature Reserve,belonging to 13 genera of 8 families,and the dom-inant families were Dryopteridaceae and Athyridaceae.(2)Hippochaete hyemale,Athyrium multidentatum,Onoclea sensibilis var.interrupta,Lunathyrium pycnosorum,Matteuccia struthiopteris,Dryopteris crassirhizoma,and Neoathy-rium crenulato-serrulatum were common and representative species in the fern community of the Hunhe River Source region,with Hippochaete hyemale and Athyrium multidentatum as the dominant species.(3)Species diversity was significantly affected by elevation and slope direction.Margalef index was significantly different between the eleva-tion 700-800 m and 500-600 m(P<0.05),and Margalef index and Shannon index were significantly different between north slope and south slope(P<0.05).(4)With increasing elevation,species diversity presented unimod-al pattern distribution,and peaked in the mid-elevation.From north slope,east slope,south slope,then to west slope,species diversity showed a distribution pattern of the first falling and then rising,with the highest in the north slope and the lowest in the south slope.The species diversity in flat slope was the lowest,which was not the suitable slope for ferns to live on.The species diversity in the middle slope was the highest,indicating it was a suitable slope position for ferns to survive.This study provides basic data for the diversity conservation and ecological restoration of ferns in Hunhe River Source Nature Reserve and other areas with similar conditions.