基于家校互动模式的小学生短期减盐综合干预研究

Study on short-term comprehensive intervention of salt reduction based on home-school interactive model in primary school students

目的了解基于家校互动模式的短期减盐综合干预措施的干预效果,探索家校互动减盐工作模式,为完善中国儿童青少年减盐干预工作提供支持。方法于2021年3月,采用两阶段抽样方法,招募宜昌市的3所小学3~5年级的1000对小学生及其家长作为研究对象,将3所学校随机分为线上+线下干预学校A、仅线下干预学校B和对照学校C,3所学校分别招募到344、336、320对学生及其家长。学校A开展健康教育和实践活动结合的综合干预活动,学校B仅开展健康教育课,干预时间为2021年4—6月,对照校不开展干预活动。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行方差分析、χ2检验,利用倍差法(DID)结合多重线性回归模型评价干预校人群盐相关指标干预净效应。结果学校A、B和C的参与学生平均年龄分别为(10.7±0.6)、(10.4±0.9)、(10.6±0.8)岁,家长平均年龄分别为(41.4±6.7)、(39.9±6.2)、(40.0±7.4)岁。倍差法分析结果显示,与对照校相比,干预后学校A的学生和家长盐相关知识平均得分分别净增长1.17和3.40分,学校A学生和家长人群的低盐相关行为得分分别净增长1.24和0.66分;学校B的学生低盐相关行为得分与对照校相比净增长0.78分,家长盐相关知识平均得分净增长3.01分;学校A和B学生高盐饮食评分分别净下降3.03、1.55分;学校A和B学生尿钠钾比分别净下降1.50和2.34;学校A和B的家庭低盐行为得分分别净增长0.67和0.44分,烹调者低盐行为得分分别净增长0.34和0.57分,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丰富的减盐课程、实践活动和减盐氛围营造有助于提高学生和家庭的减盐知识和行为水平,能够为儿童青少年减盐工作的有效落实提供支持。

Objective To understand the effects of comprehensive intervention measures with salt reduction,explore the reducing salt model of home-school interaction,and provide the support for improving the reducing salt work of primary school students in China.Methods A two-stage sampling method was used to select 1000 pairs of 3-5 grade primary students and their parents from three schools in Yichang city as the subjects.Three primary schools randomly were divided into A primary school(on line+offline intervention),B primary school(only offline intervention)and C primary school(control).344,336 and 320 students and their parents were from A,B and C schools,respectively.In A school,the health education and practice action with comprehensive intervention were conducted;in B school,only health education was conducted;intervention duration was from April to June 2021;in control school,no intervention action was conducted.The used software was SPSS 22.0.Analysis of variance,χ2 test and Difference-in-differences(DID)method combined with multiple linear regression model were used to evaluate the net intervention effects of indexes related to salt in students of intervention schools.Results The average age of participated students in school A,B,and C were(10.7±0.6),(10.4±0.9)and(10.6±0.8)years old,respectively.The average age of parents was(41.4±6.7),(39.9±6.2)and(40.0±7.4)years old,respectively.DID method results showed that as compared with control group,the mean knowledge scores related to salt of students and parents after intervention in A school increased 1.17 and 3.40 points,respectively;the mean behavior scores related to salt of students and parents after intervention in A school increased 1.24 and 0.66 points,respectively;the mean behavior score related to salt of students after intervention in B school increased 0.78 points;the mean knowledge score related to salt of parents after intervention in B school increased 3.01 points;the net scores of high salt diet in students of A and B schools decreased by 3.03 and 1.55 points,respectively;the urinary Na/K ratio in students of A and B schools decreased by 1.50 and 2.34,respectively;the net scores of family low-salt related behaviors in students of A and B schools increased by 0.67 and 0.44,respectively;the net scores of low-salt related behaviors in cookers of A and B schools increased by 0.34 and 0.57,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion The courses of salt reduction and practical activities,as well as the creation of salt-reducing environment are helpful to increase the levels of salt reduction knowledge and behavior in students and families,and provide the support of the effective implementation of salt reduction efforts for children and adolescents.