北京市某小学不同年级学生校内日运动负荷特征

The characteristics of daily exercise load of students of different grades in a primary school in Beijingg

目的分析小学生日运动负荷特征以及“每日1 h中高强度身体活动(MVPA)”情况,为改善小学生校内身体活动质量提供参考。方法于2023年5—6月采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取北京市某小学223名学生为对象,采用Polar Verity Sense心率臂带按不同年级、性别、身体素质对学生日运动负荷心率进行监测评估与统计分析。结果小学生校内室外课、零点体育、大课间和室内课平均心率分别为(130.01±13.11,119.89±16.02,109.96±8.11,96.81±7.89)次/min,仅有4.04%的学生满足每日1 h MVPA标准;低年级学生在室外课、零点体育、大课间MVPA时间占比分别为28.41%,42.47%,8.24%,中年级为18.33%,6.41%,5.90%,高年级为45.91%,3.88%,11.43%,低、中、高年级校内达成每日1 h MVPA人数区间分布分别为5.41%,0,6.67%;男生在室外课、零点体育、大课间MVPA时间占比分别为30.09%,16.34%,9.23%,女生为31.70%,16.24%,6.13%,男生、女生校内达成每日1 h MVPA人数区间分布分别为5.88%,2.86%;身体素质优秀学生室外课、零点体育、大课间MVPA时间占比分别为33.19%,21.76%,8.25%,身体素质良好的学生为29.76%,12.93%,8.19%,身体素质及格的学生为21.78%,5.99%,4.80%,身体素质优秀、良好、及格学生校内达成每日1 h MVPA人数区间分布分别为5.88%,3.77%,0。结论该校中小学生校内身体活动时间充足,但存在负荷强度低、MVPA时间不足的问题。需针对不同年级、性别和身体素质学生安排针对性的体育活动计划,提高学生校内日运动负荷。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the daily exercise load and the One Hour of Moderate to Vigorous Physi-cal Activity(MVPA)per day among primary school students,so as to provide a reference for improving the quality of the physical activity of primary school students in school.MethodsA total of 223 students from an elementary school in Beijing from May to June of 2023,were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method.The Polar Verity Sense heart rate arm band was used to monitor and evaluate the daily exercise load heart rate according to different grades,gender and physical quality.Results The av-erage heart rate of primary school students in outdoor class,zero point sports,recess and indoor class was(130.01±13.11,119.89±16.02,109.96±8.11,96.81±7.89)times/min,respectively,and only 4.04%students met the standard of 1-hour MVPA daily.From the perspective of different grades,the MVPA time ratio of lower grade students in outdoor class,zero point sports and big break was 28.41%,42.47%and 8.24%,that of middle grade students was 18.33%,6.41%and 5.90%,and that of senior students was 45.91%,3.88%and 11.43%.The number of students who achieved 1-hour daily MVPA was 5.41%,0 and 6.67%.Time ratio of MVPA in outdoor classes,zero hour sports and big breaks accounted for 30.09%,16.34%and 9.23%for boys,31.70%,16.24%and 6.13%for girls,and the interval distribution of boys and girls who achieved MVPA for one hour per day was 5.88%and 2.86%.Time ratio of MVPA for students with excellent physical fitness were 33.19%,21.76%and 8.25%in outdoor class,zero point sports and big break,while those with good physical fitness were 29.76%,12.93%and 8.19%.A total of 21.78%,5.99%and 4.80%of the students passed the physical fitness test,and the number of students with excellent,good and passed the physical fit-ness test who achieved the daily 1-hour MVPA was 5.88%,3.77%and 0.Conclusion In the present study,elementary and mid-dle school students'time for in-school physical activity was adequate,but there are problems of low loading intensity and insufficient time for MVPA.It is necessary to arrange targeted physical activity programs for students of different grades,genders and physical fitness levels to increase the daily exercise load of students in school.