济南市中小学生2019—2022年体质健康水平变化

Changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan City during 2019 to 2022

目的分析2019—2022年济南市中小学生体质健康水平的变化,为提升中小学生体质健康水平提供参考。方法于2019—2022年采用整群随机抽样方法在济南市抽取16496名中小学生,根据《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》计算各年度的中小学生体质健康综合得分,并采用t检验、单因素分析、协方差分析、χ^(2)检验等分析中小学生体质健康水平的变化。结果学生体质健康综合得分各年份从高至低依次为2022年(80.78±12.63)、2021年(79.12±12.72)、2019年(75.17±2.03)和2020年(73.82±12.63)。2019—2022年各年份,女生的体质健康综合得分均优于男生(F值分别为105.39,288.29,197.90,159.36,P值均<0.01)。2019—2022年不同年级男生及女生体质健康综合得分的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为34.22,34.96,20.33,45.08;13.56,18.29,24.86,30.01,P值均<0.01)。中小学生各单项指标在2020年呈现出不同程度的下滑,除体质量指数(BMI)以外、肺活量、50 m跑、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、1 min仰卧起坐、引体向上、耐力跑、1 min跳绳在2019—2022年的波动均有统计学意义(小学:F值分别为127.58,44.80,223.64,76.66,10.69,296.79;初中:F值分别为189.31,52.10,63.12,61.49,7.34,8.10,50.94,P值均<0.01)。2019—2022年,中小学生超重肥胖检出率分别为30.09%,31.45%,30.14%和30.60%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.26,P>0.05)。2019—2022年各年段小学和初中男生超重肥胖率分别为34.56%,34.66%,32.14%,33.73%;37.41%,43.53%,41.36%,39.16%,小学和初中女生超重肥胖率分别为24.66%,24.39%,24.61%,24.65%;23.82%,28.74%,26.99%,27.95%,差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为2.93,4.29,0.04,3.12,P值均>0.05)。结论2019—2022年济南市中小学生身体形态并未发生明显改变,体质健康总体水平受到新冠病毒感染疫情影响出现小幅度下滑后实现快速的恢复和发展。

Objective To analyze the changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan during 2019 to 2022,so as to provide reference for primary and secondary school students physical health promotion.Methods From 2019 to 2022,16496 primary and junior middle school students will be selected from Jinan by cluster random sampling method,the comprehensive scores of physical health for each year were calculated according to the National Student Physical Health Standards(revised in 2014),and changes in physical health were analyzed using t-tests,univariate analysis,analysis of covariance and x?tests.Results The students’physical health scores ranged from high to low in 2022(80.78±12.63),2021(79.12±12.72),2019(75.17±2.03)and 2020(73.82±12.63).During 2019 to 2022,the overall physical health score of female students were higher than that of male students(F=105.39,288.29,197.90,159.36,P<0.01).The differences in the comprehensive physical and health scores of male and female students in different grades from 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant(F=34.22,34.96,20.33,45.08,13.56,18.29,24.86,30.01,P<0.01).The individual indicators showed varying degrees of decline in 2020.Except for body mass index(BMI),the fluctuations in lung's capacity,run 50 meters,sit forward,standing long jump,1-minute sit-ups,pull-up,endurance running,1-minute skipping rope during 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant(primary school:F=127.58,44.80,223.64,76.66,10.69,296.79,secondary school:F=189.31,52.10,63.12,61.49,7.34,8.10,50.94,P<0.01).The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2022 were 30.09%,31.45%,30.14%,and 30.60%,respectively(χ^(2)=2.26,P>0.05).From 2019 to 2022,the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school boys were 34.56%,34.66%,32.14%,33.73%,37.41%,43.53%,41.36%,39.16%,respectively,and the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school girls were 24.66%,24.39%,24.61%,24.65%,23.82%,28.74%,26.99%,27.95%,respectively,none of which were statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.93,4.29,0.04,3.12,P>0.05).Conclusion During 2019 to 2022,there are no significant changes in physical health indicators among primary and secondary school students in Jinan,and the overall level of physical health recovered rapidly after a slight decline due to the COVID-19 epidemic.