耳机使用对14~28岁学生听力损伤的影响因素分析

The associated factors of earphone usage on hearing impairment among students aged 14 to28

目的探讨14~28岁学生耳机使用与听力损伤的关系及其影响因素,为指导该人群合理使用耳机、预防听力损伤提供参考依据。方法通过问卷星平台进行横断面调查研究,于2022年4月3日至5月1日采用滚雪球抽样方式在全国范围内调查983名14~28岁学生耳机使用情况及其听力状况。采用χ^(2)检验对影响听力的指标进行筛选,采用Logistic回归模型对筛选出的影响因素进行多因素分析。结果共检出听力损伤者366名,占37.23%。单因素分析显示,性别、耳机每次使用时间、习惯使用的耳机音量、是否带耳机入睡、耳机更换频率组间的听力损伤报告率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为6.03,6.86,14.87,12.22,11.15,P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,女生(OR=1.43,95%CI=1.10~1.88)、习惯使用的耳机音量足够大(OR=3.08,95%CI=1.56~6.08)、耳机每次使用>1.5~3 h(OR=1.44,95%CI=1.04~1.99)、戴耳机入睡(OR=1.53,95%CI=1.11~2.11)与听力损伤发生呈正相关(P值均<0.05);更换耳机频率为4~<6个月(OR=0.38,95%CI=0.17~0.86)、更换耳机≥6个月(OR=0.39,95%CI=0.18~0.85)与听力损伤发生呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论耳机使用习惯对14~28岁学生听力有影响。使用耳机时建议缩短耳机使用时间,降低耳机音量,避免戴着耳机入睡、频繁更换耳机。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the use of earphone and hearing impairment and its influencing factors among students aged 14-28,so as to provide a reference for appropriate earphone usage and hearing impairment prevention.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted through the questionnaire star platform,and 983 students aged 14 to 28 were re-cruited across China by snowball-sampling during April3 to May 1,2022.TheX?test was used to identify indicators affecting hear-ing,the Logistic regression model was used to further selection.Results There were 366 students with hearing impairment,ac-counting for 37.23%.Univariate analysis showed significant differences in hearing impairment by gender,earphone usage duration and volume,wearing during sleep,and replacement frequency(X?=6.03,6.86,14.87,12.22,11.15,P<0.05).The Logistic re-gression model analysis showed that girls(OR=1.43,95%CI=1.10-1.88),maximum earphone volume(OR=3.08,95%CI=1.56-6.08),earphone usage for>1.5-3 h each time(OR=1.44,95%CI=1.04-1.99),sleep with headphone(OR=1.53,95%CI=1.11-2.11)were positively associated with hearing impairment(P<0.05),earphone replacement every 4-<6 months(OR=0.38,95%CI=0.17-0.86)and earphone replacement every six months or longer(OR=0.39,95%CI=0.18-0.85)were negatively associated with hearing impairment(P<0.05).Conclusion Students aged 14 to 28 earphone usage shows adverse im-pact on hearing.When using earphone,it is recommended to limit time spent on earphone usage,low the volume of earphone,avoid sleeping with earphone and replace earphone frequently.