新课标背景下的真实情境教学:内涵、特点及策略

Authentic Contextual Teaching in the Context of New Curriculum Standards:Meaning,Characteristics,and Strategies

我国基础教育课程改革新方案,特别强调要通过创设真实情境来提高课程实施水平。真实情境教学源于真实情境课程,是新课标倡导的一种教学理念,即创设一种真实情境并以此贯穿教学始终,通过加强知识学习与学生经验、现实生活、社会实践之间的联系,使教学活动与学生的生活世界产生关联。真实情境教学有别于伪情境或虚假实施的情境教学,具有真实性特点;真实情境教学有别于传统的情境教学,具有统整学习过程特点;真实情境教学有别于壁垒分明的分科教学,具有综合性特点;真实情境教学有别于静听式教学,具有活动性特点。教师在开展真实情境教学时要掌握设计策略、实施策略和评价策略等。具体而言:首先,教师要回归生活世界,选取真实情境素材进行整合和加工,创设出真实情境;其次,教师要根据情境素材类型分类开展教学,形成学习成果和教学案例并将其广泛运用于教学中,实现真实情境教学;最后,教师要从生活有效性、主体有效性、学科有效性三个方面,建构三位一体的真实情境教学评价体系,对真实情境教学进行反思性实践。实施“教学评”一体化的真实情境教学,可以促进学习范式由“学什么”向“怎样学”转换,从而把学生发展核心素养真正落实到位。

The new curriculum reform plan for basic education in China puts emphasis on enhancing the implementation of curriculum by creating authentic contexts.Authentic contextual teaching,rooted in the concept of authentic contextual curriculum,is an educational philosophy advocated by the new curriculum standards.It involves the creation of authentic situations that permeate teaching consistently.This approach strengthens the connection between knowledge learning and students experiences,real-life situations,and societal practices,thus establishing a link between teaching activities and students real-world experiences.Authentic contextual teaching is distinct from pseudo-contextual or artificially created contextual teaching in that it prioritizes authenticity.It also differs from traditional contextual teaching by integrating contextual elements throughout the learning process.Furthermore,it distinguishes itself from compartmentalized subject-specific teaching by being comprehensive.It also differs from listening-based teaching and promotes an active approach.When implementing authentic contextual teaching,teachers need to master design strategies,implementation strategies,and assessment strategies.Teachers should draw from real-life experiences,select authentic contextual materials,and integrate and adapt them to design authentic contextual teaching.Teachers should also categorize and organize teaching based on the types of contextual materials,creating learning outcomes and teaching cases for application in the teaching process,thus achieving authentic contextual teaching.Finally,Teachers should establish a holistic evaluation system for authentic contextual teaching,focusing on effectiveness in daily life,student effectiveness,and subject effectiveness.This three-dimensional evaluation system encourages reflective practice in authentic contextual teaching.Implementing an integrated approach to teaching and assessment in authentic contextual teaching can facilitate a shift in the learning paradigm from“what to learn”to“how to learn”ultimately enabling the development of core competencies in students.