基于LCA的2种餐厨垃圾处理工艺环境影响分析

Environmental impact analysis of two food waste treatment processes based on LCA

文章采用生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)法,选择我国比较典型的餐厨垃圾处理方式厌氧消化工艺和厌氧消化-好氧堆肥组合处理工艺作为研究对象,并基于实际工程案例,评估并对比这2种工艺的环境影响。结果表明,厌氧消化工艺和厌氧消化-好氧堆肥组合工艺处理餐厨垃圾时的总环境影响潜值分别为4.88×10^(-12)、8.20×10^(-12),厌氧消化工艺的环境效益更好。敏感性分析表明,合理规划餐厨垃圾收运距离和降低能耗可有效降低处理工艺的环境影响。在排除生物CO_(2)的影响后,2种处理工艺的全球变暖环境影响指标均明显降低,其中厌氧消化-好氧堆肥组合工艺降幅更大。研究结果可为餐厨垃圾处理工艺的选择和优化提供参考。

In this paper,the anaerobic digestion process and anaerobic digestion-aerobic composting combined treatment process,which are the typical food waste treatment methods in China,were selected as the research objects.Based on actual engineering cases,the environmental impact of the two processes was evaluated and compared by the method of life cycle assessment(LCA).The results showed that the total environmental impact potentials of the anaerobic digestion process and the anaerobic digestion-aerobic composting process were 4.88×10^(-12) and 8.20×10^(-12),respectively,and the environmental benefit of the anaerobic digestion process was better.Sensitivity analysis showed that reasonable planning of food waste collection and transportation distance and reduction of energy consumption could effectively reduce the environmental impact of the treatment processes.After excluding the influence of biological CO_(2),the environmental impact of the two treatment processes regarding global warming was significantly reduced,and the anaerobic digestion-aerobic composting process had a greater decrease.The results can provide reference for the selection and optimization of the food waste treatment process.