中国式现代化视阈下生态环境治理体制的演进理路——基于“权责-激励-信息”三维框架的历史比较

The Evolution of Ecological Environment Governance System from the Perspective of Chinese Modernization--Historical Comparison Based on the Three-dimensional Framework of“Power and Responsibility-Incentive-Information”

与人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化的发展规律相契合,我国生态环境治理体制的演进过程整体上呈现出与之相匹配的阶段性特征。在“权责-激励-信息”的三维分析框架下,基于对相关指标测量结果的整体判断及其关键历史事件的比较分析,我国环境治理体制的变迁过程大致经历了如下四个时期:一是激励兼容性与信息对称性双缺失的放任治理时期;二是环保激励边缘化而信息对称性较强的放权治理时期;三是环保正向激励强度增强而其信息对称性被严重弱化的分权治理时期;四是环保激励结构渐趋合理且其信息对称性逐渐强化的均权治理时期。基于此,未来一段时期,我国深化生态环境治理体制改革应将不断强化央地间环境治理的权责适配性、激励兼容性与信息对称性作为主要着力点。

The development law of Chinese modernization is to ensure the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.The evolution process of China’s ecological environmental governance system as a whole shows a stage characteristic matching it.The measurement results of relevant indicators and the key historical events are analyzed through the three-dimensional analysis framework of“power and responsibility-incentive-information”.The results show that the change process of China’s environmental governance system has roughly experienced the following four periods.The first is the laissez-faire governance period with the double absence of incentive compatibility and information symmetry.The second is the period of decentralization governance when environmental protection incentives are marginalized and the information symmetry is strong.The third is the decentralization governance period in which the positive incentive intensity of environmental protection is enhanced and the information symmetry is seriously weakened.The fourth is the equalizing governance period when the incentive structure of environmental protection is becoming reasonable and the information symmetry is gradually strengthened.Therefore,in the future,the main focus of deepening the reform of ecological and environmental governance system should be to continuously strengthen the right and responsibility adaptation,incentive compatibility and information symmetry of environmental governance between the central and local governments.