宋代宫廷茶文化探究

Study on the Court Tea Culture of the Song Dynasty

宋朝是一个内省、精致趋向与市井文化勃兴的时代。同时是一个相对封闭、相对内倾、色调淡雅的文化类型,在这样的背景下,宋代茶文化舒徐和缓,阴柔澄定,其茶道尚朴澹、重意志。由于统治阶级们对茶叶品质的追求提高,贡茶制度发展逐渐完善,点茶法的饮茶方式开始流行,且以惟务洁静、简朴清秀为雅,对茶具的使用也相当考究。茶在宫廷政治外交乃至日常礼仪生活中都占据着独特地位,同时茶还被赋予了诸多精神内涵,渗透于宫廷中君臣的文化娱乐生活中,并由此诞生出诸多雅致的饮茶技艺和文化精品。宋代宫廷的茶文化对于饮茶风习在民间的推广及其普及,引领着时代的新潮。

The Song Dynasty was an era of introspection,with refinement tendency and thriving market culture.At the same time,its culture was relatively closed and introverted,and elegant.Under such a background,tea culture of the Song Dynasty was gentle,soft and clear,whose tea ceremony pursued simplicity and valued aspirations.Due to the increasing demand on high-quality tea of the ruling class,the tribute tea system gradually improved,and the tea-whisking drinking method became popular with focus on cleanliness,simplicity and elegance.Besides,the use of tea utensils was also quite meticulous.Tea held a unique position in court politic diplomacy,and even in daily etiquette.At the same time,tea had also been endowed with many spiritual connotations,permeating into the cultural entertainment life of monarchs and ministers in the court,thus giving birth to many elegant tea drinking techniques and cultural masterpieces.The tea culture of the court in the Song Dynasty led the new trend of the times in the promotion and popularization of tea drinking customs among the people.