明初宫廷茶具探析

Study on Court Tea Ware in the Early Ming Dynasty

明初宫廷茶具的研究,由于受到晚明赏鉴性书籍及茶书论述的影响,存在着认识上的偏差。晚明赏鉴性书籍及茶书对明初宫廷茶具的论述反映的是晚明文人审美观之下的一种选择性偏好,并不能真实反映明初宫廷茶具的历史事实。本文在反思晚明文人相关论述的基础上,结合文献记载及与宫廷相关的考古出土物,认为高足杯(茶锺)是明初宫廷使用的茶具类型之一,且常与杏叶扁壶、僧帽壶组合在一起。与高足杯有着同一比例的茶盏,其口径在15厘米左右,亦有可能是明初宫廷使用的茶具类型之一,且与大茶壶组合。这一比例远远超过晚明文人偏好的小茶瓯、小茶壶。

There exists some cognitive bias in the study on the court tea utensils of the early Ming Dynasty,due to the influence of connoisseurship books and tea books in late Ming Dynasty.Description on the court tea utensils of the early Ming Dynasty in those connoisseurship books and tea books reflect the selective preference for the literati’s aesthetics of that time,which can not reveal the historical facts of the court tea ware in early Ming Dynasty.On the basis of reflecting on the late Ming literati's discourse,combined with documentary records and archaeological excavations related to the court,it is believed that the high-footed cup is one of the types of tea ware,used with the teapot with almond-shaped body and teapot with the shape of monk’s hat.Combined with large teapots,tea cups of the same proportion as the high-footed cups,around 15 cm in diameter,may also be one of the types of tea ware used in the court of early Ming Dynasty.The size is far bigger than those ones preferred by the late Ming literati.